[00:00.00]本套LRC同步字幕为我爱英语屋（QQ:18469114）整理制作，祝您英语学习顺利,生活称心如意！
[00:00.50]更多LRC同步字幕资料尽在：http://shop36187450.taobao.com或http://18469114.paipai.com
[00:01.00]Six scientists have won this year's Albert lasker Medical Research Awards.
[00:07.89]The Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation presented the awards last week in New York City.
[00:15.96]Harvey Alter and Michael Houghton shared the award for medical research involving patients.
[00:24.35]Doctor Alter led the team that discovered the virus that causes hepatitis B.
[00:31.98]He works at the National Institutes of Health,near Washington,D.C.
[00:38.51]Doctor Alter and Doctor Houghton developed methods to test blood for hepatitis.
[00:46.34]This ended the risk of people developing hepatitis after receiving blood from other people after an accident or operation.
[00:58.13]This risk decreased from thirty percent in Nineteen-Seventy to almost no risk today.
[01:07.82]In Nineteen-Eighty-Nine,Doctor Houghton led scientists who discovered the virus that causes another kind of hepatitis,hepatitis C.
[01:19.29]He works at the Chiron Corporation in Emeryville,California.
[01:25.92]Three scientists shared the Lasker award for basic medical research.
[01:32.45]One is Alexander Varshavsky of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
[01:40.94]The others are Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa,Israel.
[01:53.38]The three discovered the human body's method of destroying proteins.
[01:59.57]The process of protein destruction controls normal cell growth and division.
[02:07.64]When this process does not work properly,diseases like cancer can result.
[02:15.37]Scientists also are investigating a possible link between this process and diseases of the body's defense system.
[02:27.15]Sydney Brenner of the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley,California received a Lasker award for special achievement in medical science.
[02:40.92]The foundation honored him for fifty years of creative work in biomedical science.
[02:49.41]For example,Doctor Brenner's team studied the roundworm to show the birth and death of every cell in a living animal.
[03:01.29]Doctor Brenner also performed research that took the first step toward understanding human genes.
[03:09.47]He also helped calm fears that research on genetic engineering would create dangerous organisms.
[03:18.40]To do this,Doctor Brenner drank bacteria that had been genetically weakened.
[03:25.04]The experiment proved that such substances would not threaten the public.
[03:31.88]The results were very important to the study of several deadly viruses,including the one that causes AIDS.
