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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
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2004-07-24
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(18)主谓一致
1、定义: 所谓“主谓一致”,就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。 2、主谓一致的种类: ⑴ 语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如: I
often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。 We
often help each other and learn from each other.
我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。 ⑵ 意义上的一致 a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如: The
crowd were surrounding the government official.
人群包围住了这位政府官员。 单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police,
cattle等。如: The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。 b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如: Great
Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.
《远大前程》是查尔斯•狄更斯1860年所著。 形复意单的单词有:news,works
和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如:“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”,the United
States, the United
Nations)以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。 ⑶ 就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but
also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如: Not only the students but
also the teacher enjoys listening to the
music. 不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。 Are either you or he wrong?
要么是你错,要么是他错吗? b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be
的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如: There is a pen, two knives and
several books on the table. ═ There are two knives, a pen
and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 C.
副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如: Between the two buildings
stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。 On the ship were over
2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among
those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人,
1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。
名词作主语 1、某些集体名词,如family,
team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如: My
family is large. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 (看作一整体) My family all like
music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。 (指家庭中一个个成员之和) 属于这类的集体名词还有:audience,
class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government,party,
public, staff 等。 名词population一词的使用情况类似。如: The population
of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口数增长很快 。 One
third of the population in this country enjoy drinking
coffee. 这国三分之二的人喜欢喝咖啡。 “a group(crowd)
of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。 2、单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之,谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:sheep,
fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese,
Japanese等。如: Every means has been tried out without much
result.每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。 All means have been tried out
without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。 This shoe works was
set up in 1980. 这家鞋厂建于1980年。 Those shoe works were all set
up in 1980. 这些鞋厂都建于1980年。 当它们前面有a, such a, this,
that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all, such, these,
those修饰时,谓语用复数。 3、名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如: My
doctor’s is not far from my home. 我的家庭医生诊所离我家不远。 My uncle’s
is just across the street. 我叔叔家在街对面。 常见的省略名词有:the baker’s,
the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Smith’s
等等。 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但作主语时,谓语动词常常用复数。如: Richardson’s
have a lot of goods to sell.
Richardson的店里有许多货可卖。 4、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Two
hours is enough for me to finish the work.
两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。 Two hundred dollars gives Jack much
help. 两百美元帮了Jack大忙。 5、如果主语有more than one… 或many
a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如: More than one comrade
has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。 Many a passenger was
killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。 但是“more+复数名词+than
one”结构及“more than one hundred+复数名词”结构之后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如: More
members than one are against your plan.
不止一位成员反对你的计划。 6、不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…,
every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many
a…结构作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如: Every man and every woman is at
work. 所有男的和女的都在工作。 Many a desk and many a bench is to be
taken out of the hall.
许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。 7、表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子), compasses,
clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks,
trousers等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair
of, a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: The trousers are in
the drawer. 裤子在抽屉里。 There is a pair of shoes under the bed.
有一双鞋在床下。 The pair of shoes is rather expensive.
这双袜子很贵。 8、this kind of book ═ a book of this kind
(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of books═ books of this kind═ these
kind of books(口语)(这类书),但this kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用单数;books
of this kind 和these kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用复数。all/these kinds
of 后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如: This kind of books is very popular
with young people. 这类书很受年轻人欢迎。 Books of this kind are very
popular with young people.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。 These kind of parties
are dangerous. 这类政党很危险。 All kinds of flowers have come out
in the valley. 山谷里各种各样的花已竞相开放。 9、如果名词词组的中心词是all, most,
rest, some, neither, none,
no等词,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之用单数。如: Some of the pigeons have
been missing. 一些鸽子已经不见了。 Some of the ice has melted so far.
迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。 All of the water in the area has been
seriously polluted. 这地区所有的水都已受严重污染。 All of the books have
been sold out. 所有的书都已被卖完了。 None of us have been there.
我们没人去过那里。 None of the stolen money has been found yet.
被偷的钱至今一点也未找到。 The rest of the students are watering trees.
其余的学生正在浇树。 The rest of the wine has gone bad.
剩下的酒已经变质了。 B.
由连接词连接的名词作主语 1、用and或both…and连接并列主语,表示不同概念,谓语动词常用复数。如: You
and he both stand up. 你和他都站了起来。 Water and air are both
important. 水和空气都很重要。 Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不待人。 但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时,即指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。 英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有: ⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如: iron
and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and
butter 黄油面包 ⑵ 配套事物。如: a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle
and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 A knife and fork is
needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。 The cart and horse is
coming. 马车来了。 ⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如: the worker and
poet 这位工人兼诗人 The writer and teacher is speaking at the
meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 ⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如: aim and end
目的 truth and honesty 真诚 capacity and efficiency
效能 love and affection 情感 To love and to be loved is
the great happiness. 爱与被爱是幸福。 Going to bed early and
getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是好习惯。 2、当主语后面跟有as
well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like,
rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including,
in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如: Your father
as well as you is very kind to me. 不仅你而且你的父亲对我都非常好。 He,
like you and Xiao Li, is very clever. 他象你和小李一样非常聪明。 Mr
Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving
London for Paris. Robbins先生明天将和妻子和孩子离开伦敦去巴黎。 C. 代词作主语
1、名词性物主代词作主语时,根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的单、复数。如: Theirs
(their classroom) is a big classroom. 他们的教室是一个大教室。 Your
trousers are black and mine are brown.
你的裤子是黑色的,我的是棕色的。 2、such, the
same起指示代词作用,应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如: Such is our plan.
这就是我们的计划。Such are my hopes. 这些就是我的愿望。 3、关系代词which, who,
that在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如: Those who want to
go should sign your names here. 那些想去的人在这儿签上你们的名字。 He is one
of the students who are good at maths. 他是那些擅长数学的学生中的一位。 He
is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others
behind their backs. 他是这些孩子中唯一经常在背后讲别人坏话的人。 4、疑问代词who, what,
which作主语时,谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如: Who lives next door?
It's Xiao Liu. Who live next door? It's Zhang and
Liu. 5、不定代词any, either, neither,none, all, some,
more等作主语时,有以下两种情况: 单独作主语,视其在文中的意义,动词可用单数或复数形式。例如: Now
all has been changed. All are present at the meeting.
either,
neither单独作主语,谓语通常用单数。 但是后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,谓语动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更为常用。如: Do
(Does) any of them know English? 他们中有人懂英语吗? None of them
like (likes) football. 他们中没人喜欢足球。 D.
分数、量词作主语 1、“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty
of, half of, a heap of, heaps of
+名词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如: More than 70
percent of the surface of ouor planet is covered by
water. 我们星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆盖着。 One third of the students are
girls in our group. 我们队三分之一的学生是女生。 注意: a large quantity of
修饰可数名词或不可数名词,其短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,而(large) quantities
of修饰可数名词或不可数名词,其短语作主语,谓语动词一般用复数。如: A large quantity of
people is needed here. 这儿需要大批人。 Large quantities of food
have rotten away. 大量食物都已经腐烂了。 短语in quantity, in large
quanities意为“大量的”;in small quantities意为“少量的”。 2、a great deal
of/ a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但large amounts
of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。如: A great deal of rice was
taken from the country to the city by
railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608157] |
2004-07-24
16:04   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
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情态动词解释 一、表示语气强烈的强权命令,警告,许诺用shall,"我命令..."表示教育,劝告,建议,责备等的“应当”用should。 11.You
shall be here at 8.You shall not be late.(命令) 2.You shall
lose your son ,if you don't give me the money in
time.(威胁) 3.You shall get punished.(警告) 4.You shall get
the money tomorrow, and you shall know the result of the exam
then.(许诺) 对比语气轻的道德理由式的教育、劝告、责备:"应当"
用should.(注"must往往是公众纪律要求,比Should强,比sgall弱:You mustn't be
late.) 5.You should telephone me before you come.
(责备) 6.He should pay attention to his spoken
English.(教育) 7.I should study harder than before
。道德教育 8.You should have handed in your homework
yesterday.(责备某人没有做应该做的事.) 9.You should not have said such
rude words to your mother.(责备某人做了不该做某事) You should not have
been late 练习: 你要听母亲的话. 你最迟明天要搬走.你不要哭. 你不要摸电线. 你要努力学习.
你要活着回来. 二.主语愿意或不愿意做某事,事物发展下去必然发生或必然不会发生某事,用will,won't
, 1.I will marry you. I will do everything for you. I will
die for you .(愿意) 2.He will lose his life for his
country.(愿意) 3.I won't go with you . You won't receive my
letter .(不愿意或必然不都可) 4.Will you allow us to go to Tibet
?(愿意) 5. When the baby see his mother, he will
smile.(必然趋势) 6.The vegatable won't grow without
water.(必然趋势) 7.Will he see the picture when he return home
?(必然趋势) 现在时的客气婉转的请求询问对方意愿,语气轻的"愿意"和"趋势"用would.
过去时就必须用would 1.Would you like to have a talk with me
? 2.He would make a face ,when he made a mistake . 3.He
wouldn't trouble you . 辨别will与would的区别 你愿意卖你的房子吗?
你愿意把座位让给老奶奶吗? 你愿意选谁当总统?
他会说些什么呢?地震会发生吗? 辨别will,would与shall,should的区别:自然而然发展变化用will,would,被"我"强制命令用shall,能翻译为"愿意""就会'"总是'"决不'用will,
won't,能翻译为"我命令你/他","你不许","你务必"用shall,(1-6) 1.Once there was
a man who was afraid to stay with his wife very much ,for his
wife was stroger than he . when they quarreled, his wife
(A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't )fight with him .If they
fought (,A. The B.A C.X)husband (A.would B.should C. will D
wouldn't ) be beteaned to pains .He (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C.
won't D couldn't )bare the pains. so he hid himself under (A x
B. a C.the) bed.When he hid under the bed ,the wife got even
more angry ."You (A.shall B.shall not C. will D shouldn't )
make your clothes dirty !you (A.would B.should C. will D shall
) get out !The husband remembered his honour of (A.a B,the
C.x) man . He answered :"I'm (A.a B,the C.x) man .I
(A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )get out."
Which sentence is better "I will....." or "You
shall..." How to deal with your husband or wife? (A.Many
couples B.A couple) often argue with each other,even hate or
fight with each other. Many wifes want to order her husband to
do (A .everythingB.something)at home.She (A.would B.should
C.must)say "You (A.shallB.will)buy me a
ring""You(A.shallB.will)wash all the clothes"(A.The
B.A)husband doesn't want to argue with the wife. He
(A.shallB.will)say"I (A.shallB.will) do
(A.everythingB.something) for you""I (A.shallB.will) die for
you.So the couple (A.won't B.shall not C.mustn't D.can't)fight
.There (A.shallB.will) be (A.a B.x)peace at home .Which
sentence do you think is better :"I will....." or "You
shall..."? 疑问句是请求对方发命令,一,三人称用shall提问,二人称用will提问:"Shall I
clean the blackboard?" "Shall he get here now?" "Will you
give us a
hand?" 据说有一个苏格兰人掉到水里,他不会游泳。于是想感叹说:“没有人会来救我,我要死了!”这句话是陈述语气,不应该用情态动词的,但他却用情态动词说:“Nobody
shall save me,(我命令不准任何人来救我!)I will die
![我要(原意)死]”人们以为他决心要自杀,都不敢来救他。因为用错了shall,will,结果丢了一条命。 三.表示商量猜测不十分确定的事情. 肯定句用must;
might; may 疑问句用can; could 否定句can‘t ;couldn’t; may not
1、肯定句是有根据,有经验的判断用must The tall man must be a player
。 He must work in this school 。 不肯定,无把握的猜测用may
,往往在有"..not sure"的句子时才用may Your answer may be right 。but
I‘m not sure 。 客气礼貌婉转用might You might need some money
。 I think you might be hungry
。 2。疑问句只能用can,could不能用must,may,might Can he be a
teacher? 猜测远处的人,看不见的人用 Who can it be ? “Someone is
knocking at the door ,who can it be ?” “Open the door
please !”“Who is it ?”“It is me 。” 3.有把握有根据的否定猜测用can't
couldn't "不可能",无把握无根据用may not ,might not"可能不"
不能用mustn't.mustn't 不是猜测,是"不允许...""禁止" He can't be at the
libery,for I saw him just now . He might not know the
headmaster. 4.对过去的猜测,对短暂动作的猜测必须用must/can/can't/may +have
done 句型 He must have got up late this morning. He must
have become someone's wife "Can he have known it ?""No he
can't have known it ." He can't have finished his drawing
yesterday .(7-15) 四.dare,
need作为情态动词与行为动词的区别:(16-23) 1.肯定句只能用行为动词,不用情态动词. He dares
to dance with a snake , doesn't he? He needs to go with you
. doesn't he? 疑,否句两样形式都可用,但行为动词后往往有有do 又有 to,情态动词的句子中无do
又无to. Need you have a rest ? Do you need to have a rest
? He needn't copy the question, need he ? He doesn't
need to come ,does he ? He dare not tell the truth. He
doesn't dare (to ) tell the truth. 反意疑问 He needs a rest
,(A.doesn't B.needn't )he ? 五.can ,be able to
表示能力的区别 can 长期固有的自然能力 I can drive a car . be able to
经过努力克服困难后才获得的能力. After three months' study,I am able to
drive a car now . I have been able to drive a car now
. 六.must必须 should 表示"应当" 1.must的否定回答用needn't .mustn't
表示"不许""禁止"不是必要性了. " Must I take some medicine ?" "No ,you
needn't" "Need I buy some wine for Dad?" "No, you
mustn't." 七.can,could,may,might表示许可 1.could可用于现在时的疑问句表示客气礼貌,"
of course you can" 表示乐意对方用自己的东西. Could/Would you do me a
favour? of course I can. 八.need必要性 1.你不要等我. You
neen't wait for me . 2.你不要抽烟 You shall not smoke here
.
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608167] |
2004-07-24
16:09   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
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情态动词练习 1.When The Eighth Rought Army
Soldiers left the City .They declared "We (A.will B. shall
C.would D.should) drive the enemy out . The city (A.won't B.
shall not C.would not D.should not) be taken by enemy. 2.
He (A.will B. shall C.would D.should)sell his house if he has
no money. 3.He (A.will B. shall C.would D.should) sell his
house to pay back my debt. 4.I love him and I (A.will B.
shall C.would D.should) marry him . 5.Even though you don't
love him ,you (A.will B. shall C.would D.should)marry him.It's
my decision. 6.You caught(A. a B. xC. the) bad could . You
(A.should B.would C.shall D.will) have worn more clothes.
7.I didn't hear the phone .I (A. must be B.must have been
C. should D.should have been )asleep . 8.His English is
very good ,He (A.must B. may C.should D.can ) be an English
teacher . 9.It (A.must B. may C.should D.can )rain this
afternoon,but I'm not sure. 10.It (A.must B. may C.should
D.can ) rain in a few moments ,the cloud is so dark
. 11.Peter (A.must B. may C. can D.will ) come with us
tonight ,but he isn't very sure yet . 12.I think you
(A.must B. might C.should D.can ) be thirst .(A.Shall B. Will
C.should D.would ) I take some water for you ?(A.Shall B. Must
C.Can D.would )you like some water ? 13.(A.Must B. May
C.Should D.Can ) he be an English teacher? No, he
(A.mustn't B. may not C.should not D.cann't ) 14.You look
tired .You (A.must sleepB. must have slept )late
yesterday. 15.Peter (A.must arrive B. must have arrived
)home by now . 16. She (A.dare B.dares C.dares to ) climb a
tall tree . 17. She (A.dare not B.dares not C.dares not to
)speak in public . 18.She (A.doesn't need to B.doesn't need
C.dares not to ) go to school today. 19.Dare you (A.to
B.x)say so? 20.Do you (A. need B. need to )write too much
easy words ? 21.He dares to fight with a tiger ,( A.doesn't
B.dare not ) he ? 22.You needn't wait for her ,(A. need
B.do )you ? 23.You need a rest ,(A.needn't B.don't ) you
? 24."Must I clean the blackboard now?"' No,you (A.mustn't
B. needn't C.can't ).I need them in a few moment. 25.A
computer (A.can't B.couldn't C.may not D.might not )think of
itself .it (A.shall B.should C.must D.can ) be told what to do
. 26.Could I borrow your dictictionary? Yes,of course
you (A.might B. will C. can D.will ) 27.When can I come for
the photoes , I need them tomrrow afternoon. They (A.can B.
should C.might D. need )be ready by 12 28.(A.Shall B.Will )
I tell John about it ? No ,you (A.needn't B.wouldn't C.
mustn't D.shouldn't) I've told him already . 29. I (A.can
B. am able to )speak Chinese . 30.I have learned some
English for three weeks . I (A.can B. am able to )speak some
English now . 31.The fire spread through the hotel very
quickly but everyone (A.had to B. would C.could D.was able to
.)get out .12.It's nearly seven o'clock .Jack (A.must B. need
C. should D.can ) be here at any moment . 32.There were
already five people in the car but they managed to take me as
well .. It (A.can't B. shouldn't C. mustn't have been
D.shouldn't have been )a comfortable journey . 33.Johnny,
you __play with the knife ,you __hurt
yourself. A.won't;can't B. mustn't; may C.shouldn't;must
D.can't;shouldn't 34.You (A.should tell B.would have told
C.should have told )me yesterday. 35.You (A.should not be
B.should have not been C.should not have been )late
yesterday.
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608177] |
2004-07-24
16:16   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
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非谓语动词解释 非谓语动词特出的特点: 一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“I
running in the morning every day.""he named Liping."
就是只有非谓语,没有谓语动词的错误的句子。应该说“I run in the morning every
day." "he is named Liping."
二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析,我们就应该领悟到这一点:与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的:(1)此动作有时已不是具体的动作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相当于一个名词了;如My
job is raising pigs 。 My favorite is to study English with you
。(2)此动作有时即使是具体的动作,但却是从属性的,次要的动作:比如表示原因,条件,时间,目的,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and
连接的两个并列谓语动词的情况外,其它在一个句子中包含的两个以上的动作一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因,条件,目的,时间,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句来表示。下面列举一些例句对比说明: 1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词;To
be more healthy, he drinks milk every
day. 2."喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinking
milk"动名词来表示。Drinking milk is good to him 。He love drinking
milk
。 3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是“肚子痛”的原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用"
Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my
stomach."来表示。 也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have
some trouble with my
stomach." 4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"Drinking
milk every day, one will get more healthy"如“If one drinks milk
every day,he will get more
healthy。”来表示。 5,“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“Drinking
milk, I choked."“或”When I was drinking milk,I
choked。“来表示。 6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应做谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“He
sat there, drinking some milk."如”He sat and drank some milk
there。来表示。 用非谓语动词翻译下列句子: 1. 我钱不够,不能买这房子。 A.My money
is short , I can't buy the house. B. I'm short of money , I
can't buy the house. C. Being short of money , I can't buy
the house. D.Short of money , I can't buy the
house. 2,我比你强,我会跑得比你快。 A.I'm stronger than you,I can run
faster than you. B.I being stronger than you,I can run
faster than you. C.being stronger than you,I can run faster
than you. D.You being weaker than I, so I can run faster
than you. 3,你见到他就叫他到这来吧。 a. If you see him ,ask him to
come here please. b.If you see him and ask him to come here
please. c.you seeing him ,ask him to come here
please. d.seeing him , you ask him to come here
please 4,有空你来帮帮我吧。 a.You have time and you come to help
me. b.You have time you come to help me. c.If you have
time and you come to help me please. d. having time , you
should come to help me. 5,你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。 a.You don't
feel well, you'd better not go to swim. b.Because you don't
feel well, you'd better not go to swim. c.You not feeling
well, you'd better not go to swim. d.Not feeling well,
you'd better not go to swim. 6,吃太多的肉,你会变胖的。 a.If you
have too much meat, and you'll get fatter. b. you have too
much meat, and you'll get fatter. c.You have too much meat,
you'll get fatter. d. Having too much meat, you'll get
fatter. 7,昨天他去踢球,摔断腿了。 a.Yesterday he went to play
football, breaking his leg. b.Yesterday he went to play
football, broke his leg. c.Yesterday he going to play
football,he broke his leg. d.Playing football, he broke his
leg yesterday. 8,看见我穿得破烂,那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。 a.Seeing me
dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest
suit. b.He saw me dressed in rags , the assistant showed me
the cheapest suit. c.Because he seeing me dressed in rags,
the assistant showed me the cheapest suit. d.I dressing in
rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest
suit. 9,浇太多的水花会死的。 a.If water too much, the flower will
die. b. If you watered too much, the flower will
die. c.Watering too much, the flower will die. d.Watered
too much, the flower will die. 10,我昨天挨雨淋了,感冒了。 a.I was
caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now. b.Having caught in
the rain,I get a bad cold now. c.I caught in the rain,I get
a bad cold now. d.Caught in the rain,I got a bad cold
now. 11.他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。 a.They talked ,laughed and went to
us. b.Going to us, they talked and laughed. c.They went
to us ,talked and laughed. d.They went to us ,talking and
laughing. 12.他躺在那里看书。 a. He read a book, lying
there. b.He lay there ,reading a book. c.He lying there
and reading a book. d.He lay there ,read a
book. 13.在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。 a,The girl dancing there sings
well. b.The girl danced there sings well. c.The girl was
dancing there sings well. d.The girl was dancing there was
a good singer. 14.我进门时看见他正在看电视。 a.I entered the room,
saw he was watching TV. b.I entered the room, seeing him
was watching TV. c.Entered the room, I saw he was watching
TV. d.Entering the room, I saw him watching
TV. 15.他一来就逗我们发笑。 a.He came ,making us laughed. b.He
came to make us laughing. c.Coming, he often makes us
laughing. d. Came here,he often makes laughing.
16.今天他病了,没来学校. a.He is ill,he doesn't come to school
today. b.He is ill,not coming to school today. c.Being
ill,he doesn't come to school today. d.He being ill,he
doesn't come to school today. ----ing 短语常见的形式
![http://hongdou.gxnews.com.cn/hongdou/forumcenter/upimg3/2004724163547417.img]()
三.非谓语的三种形式及其充当的句子成分: --ing
形式可以当句子的状语,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语 不定式可以当目的状语和逆趋势的结果状语
,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语, 过去分词可以充当句子的状语,定语,补语 1.--ing短语可以当 1)时间状语:When
I went to school ,I saw a bag on the ground. Going to
school, I saw a bag on the ground. 2)原因状语:Because he was
ill,he couldn't go to school that day. Being ill,he
coulding go to school thatday. 3)条件状语:(If I have money,I
will buy the house.) Having money,I will buy the
house. 4)伴随状语:(He stood and thought in the room .) He
stood in the room, thinking. 5)顺趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard
and became a college student .) He studied hard , being a
college student . He listened carefully, hearing someone's
crying. 5)doing having done Having washed her face, she
had breakfast. Washing clothes, she sang. 6)not doing
,not having done否定式常用于原因,条件状语 Not knowing much English,he
took out an dictionary to help him. Not having had
breakfast , I'm very hungry now. 7)being done,not being
done ,not having done被动式常用作主语,宾语: The boy's being saved
made his mother deeply moved. He was sad at his not being
chosen 练习思考辨别: 1)..当我上学的时候, I fell down . 2)..因为他很高,
he is good at playing basket-ball. 3)..如果我知道这消息, I would
tell you first . 4)..他坐在那里看书. 5)..He returned home
,发现母亲的信。 6)..He returned home ,发现父亲死了. 7).He returned
home 去取大衣. 3.doing 与having
done众不同的区别:两者都是主动,doing是与谓语动词同时发生,having
done是发生在谓语动词前,非谓语动作是谓语动作的前提和基础.比如 : 吃过早餐后, 他上学去了.Having had
breakfast ,he went to school. 因为学过英语,他能与美国人谈话. Having
learned some English,he can talk with an
American. 如果先复习功课,你会觉得功课更容易. Having gone over the lesson
, you will find it easier . 2.不定式可以当: 1)逆趋势的结果状语: (He
studied hard and failed in the exam.) He studied hard ,
only to fail in the exam. .........,only to find his father
dead. 2)目的状语: He studied hard in order to became a college
student .
4.动名词与不定式当宾语的区别:动名词一般表示普遍的,经常发生的动作,同时发生或发生在前的动作,不定式表示具体一次的动作,发生在后的动作.
I like singing ,but I don't like to sing this night . I see
his running every day .I hope to be a college student some day
. 只能带--ing短语当宾语的及物动词:mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,),
admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟),
dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱)The thief escaped being caught.,
finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象)Can you imagine my flying
in the sky ?, keep(保持), miss(错过)The bird missed being shot.,
practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认, consider
I'm considering practising speaking english more.(考虑)等。look
forward to(渴望,盼望), object to(反对,抗议), prevent…from(防止,阻止),
keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止),
有几个动词既能带ing,也能带不定式当宾语,但此动词意思不相同的动词:remember,forget,regrect,try,
mean I remember seeing him before.回想往事 When you pass
the post office ,remember to post the letter for
me.记得将要做某事 He forgot to luck the door.A thief broke into
it.因健忘而没有做某事 He forgot having breakfast, he asked his wife
to cook for him again .已做了某事却忘记了. I regrect not helping you
.(后悔已做了某事) I regrect to tell you"you fail in the
exam."(遗憾地告诉你,遗憾地说) I'll try (my best) to pass the
exam.尽力 You always go to school by bike ,why not try going
to school by bus? 尝试另一方法,试探比较 I meaned to help you.
打算,希望,想要 Saying so means saying nothing. 意思是,等于
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:want(想要), wish(希望), hate(憎恨,讨厌),
prefer(宁愿), hope(希望), fail(失败), plan(计划), refuse(拒绝),
ask(要求),manage(设法), offer(提供), promise(答应), pretend(假装),
intend(想,打算), attempt(尝试,企图), decide(决定), desire(渴望,请求),
agree(同意), care(关心,喜欢), choose(选择), determine(下决心),
expect(期望), afford(负担得起,买得起)等。 能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有:感官动词see,
watch, notice, hear, feel等;使役动词make, let, have 等; ask sb to
do sth.还有一般的动词如advise(建议), allow(允许), ask, beg(乞求),
command(命令,指挥), tell(告诉), invite(邀请), force(强迫), oblige(强迫),
get(致使), help(帮助), wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend,
expect, encourage(鼓励), persuade(说服), permit(允许,许可),
remind(使想起,提醒), request(请求,要求), order(命令), warn(警告,提醒),
cause(引起) 6.过去分词done
最大的特点是表示被动,表示经常发生的被动,过去的被动,常用作原因,.条件状语,定语,补语: Heated, water
will change into stream. Praised by the teacher many
times,I feel happy. The clothes washed by my mother are
clean. I often have my clothes washed by my
mother.
状语 时间状语 Having bath,I sang aloud
.(同时) Having had bath,I had supper.(一先一后) Having been
shown the lab,we were shown the libery 原因状语 Loving
others,he is loved Having prepareed the lesson,I can answer
the question. Not knowing his name,I said "Hi". Not
having breakfast,I'm hungry now. Told many times,he still
remembers it . 伴随状语 He sat there,reading. 条件状语
Heated,water will change into stream Having money,I'll buy
it. 目的状语 I go home to see my mother. 结果状语 He studied
hard, becoming a college student. He studied hard, only to
fail. 主语 His studing hard made him respected. His not
coming made his mother sad. 宾语 We hope your coming I
hate Tom's not telling me the truth. 定语 The boy sitting in
the front is our monitor. The boy praised is our
monitor. 补语 He had us laughing the whole class. He had
his son sent to prison.. He had us run in the morning every
day.
[更新: 2004-07-24 17:42]
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608245] |
2004-07-24
17:00   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
注册用户 |
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非谓语练习 把划线部分变成非谓语动词,其它是选择题. 1.When I
went to school (当我上学的时候), I fell down . 2.Because he is
tall(因为他很高), ---- he is good at playing basket-ball. 3.If I
know any news如果我知道消息, -----, I would tell you first
. 4.他坐在那里看书. He sat there,------ 5.As he was a
student(作为一个学生), he was interested in books. 5.He returned
home and found his mother's letter(发现母亲的信)。 6.He returned
home and found his father dead.(发现父亲死了)., 7.He returned
home and got his coat(取大衣) -----his coat . . 8.The boy (坐)
in the front is our monitor. 9.The boy sold (被卖) to
Guangdong was found. The boy named/called Tom is
tall Baten, the boy cried. Heated ,water will change
into stream. 10.Because he didn't know English, Not knowing
English, he kept silent. 11.Because I hadn't received his
letter, Not having received I worried about him. 12.That he
won made everybody happy. ----- made everybody
happy. 13.The techer was angry that John was late. The
techer hated ------. 14.That she didn't listen to her
mother made her mother angry. ---- to her mother made
her mother angry. 15.The classroom by us is
large. 16———— (如果被加热) , it will be boiling 17.(A.
Listening B.When I listening )to the teacher ,I thought of my
hometown . 18.(A. Living B.Having lived C.Because living )
in the south ,he loves swimming. 19.______anything about
the accident, he went to work as usual.. A. Not known B.
Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing 20. The secretary
worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the
president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D.
was preparing 21. She is writing a letter to a friend of
hers, _____ him to attend the meeting. A. having invited B.
inviting C. to invite D. invited 22. Our town has dozens of
factories, ___________several saw mills. A. included B. are
including C. are included D. including 23. ___ the
classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the
football match. A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D.
Cleaning 24_____ anything about the accident, he went to
work as usual.. A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D.
Not knowing 25. There was terrible noise ___________ the
sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be
followed D. being followed 26.The secretary worked late
into the night, __ a long speech for the president. A. to
prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 27.
"Can''t you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice. A.
angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing 28. ---I must apologize for
______ahead of time. ---That's all right. A. letting you
not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D.
letting not you know 29.---You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________
that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having
done 30.I forgot (A. to close B. closing )the windows ,the
rain will make my desk web . 31.The boy tried (A.to go
B.going) out of the school ,but fail.
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608299] |
2004-07-24
17:40   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
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非谓语练习 用非谓语动词翻译下列短语: 1、(当他在德国时)________________
,he learned how to drive a car. 2.(长大后)_____________,she
became a teacher. 3.(因为激动)____________,he couldn't said a
word. 4.(因为没有钱)____________,he couldn't sent his son to
school. 5.(由于没吃早餐)__________,he felt hungry
now. 6.(如果被加热)______________,the iron will turn
red. 7.(如果你没有读过这本书)__________,you can't know about the
moon. 8. (如果你帮助别人)___________________,you will help
yourselves. 9.(他们又说又笑地走进教室。They walked into the
room,______, 10.He stood there ______________________ a
football game(看足球赛)。 11.She saw a
mouse,(向我们大声叫起来)_____________________. 12.She returned home
(问爸爸要钱)____________________________. 13.She went to the
reading-room (看杂志)_________________. 14.She stayed at home
(看杂志)__________________. 15.He wrote an article
(给我们提了一些好意见)_,___________________. 16.He wrote an
article(来唤醒人民)_____________________________. 17.He worked
late into the night (获得更多的收入)_________________. 18..He
worked late into the
night(不让洪水进屋)__________________. 19..He worked late into
the night(写了一封信).___________________. 20.He was caught in
the rain,(感冒了)___________________________. 21.He went to
the
street,(把所有的钱弄丢了)____________________. 22.(由于害羞)_______________,she
dared not speak in the
public. 23.(由于没准备),___________________,he didn't know how
to explain. 24.We eat (为了活着)_____,but we don't live
(为了吃饭)——。We live(同时思考和工作)_________________________. 1.I
have nothing (to eat,eatng). 2.The man (to eat,eating)
cakes is very hungry. 3.He is the first man (to eat,eating)
food on the moon. 4.She is always the last person (to
leave,leaving)the classroom. 5.Please give me somethng (to
read,reading). 6.I need a chair (to sit,sitting,to sit
on,sitting on). 7.The nurse has several patients (to look
after,looking after)
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#608310] |
2004-07-24
17:50   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
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副词解释 一.同级比较特殊的句子: 1.He is as tall as I
.The boy is as tall as I.=He is as tall a boy as I 2.The
house is as beautiful as a garden=It is as beautiful a house
as a garden . 3.The teacher is as kind as a mother=He is as
kind a teacher as a mother. 4.The boy is as careful as a
nurse=He 5.The computer is as small as a notebook.=It is
as small a computer as a notebook 6.four times as many as
The elephent is twice as heavy as a lion. The elephent
is twice more heavy than a lion The elephent is twice the
weight of a lion. China, four times large,
Europe,= China is four times as large as Europe China is
four times the size of Europe China is four times as large
as Europe. China is four times larger than Europe. China
is four times the size of Europe. Grandpa, ten times old
,he= Grandpa is ten rimes as old as he . Grandpa is ten
rimes older than he . Grandpa is ten rimes the age of he
. the apple ,twice expensive, pear the apple is twice as
expensive as the pear the English book,three times thick
,the Chinese book = 世界第二大国家China is the second largest
country in the world. I'm the fifth tallest girl in our
class.
二.too表示超过头的否定意义可以加for sb/sth to do sth.,
so表示肯定意义,与that连用表示感叹:"如此...以至于...." 1.He 's _too__weak
.. 2.He's _so/quite_strong that he can fight with a
wolf. 3.The question is too__difficult for me . 4.The
question is _too_easy for us . 5.The question is _so _easy
that anyone can answer it . 6.It's _too_late. I can't help
you . 三.always,usually,often,的位置:行为动词前,Be动词或第一个助动词后. 1.I
(am often,often am )late. 2.I(go often,often
go)there. 3.He (is always ,always is) hardworking 4.He
(works always, always works) hard . 5.He has always been
earliest to the classroom 四.有两种副词形式,意思不同的词:一般无--ly
是修饰具体的动作,反之,修饰抽象动作 highly 高度地(评价,赞赏)think highly of
high 高(跳,飞)He can jump very high. closely
密切地(观察\注视)watch closely close 近 He walked close to me
. closed 关闭 The door is closed/open widely
广泛地(传播.旅行)spread ,travell wide 宽.大She opened her eyes
wide. deep深(挖,走,看)dig deep.walk deep deeply深深地(感动)was
moved deeply late 迟 lately近来 nearly 几乎 near
近(`副.介词)亲密(形容词)a near relative . mostly
大多数地=mainly,chiefly There were mostly girls in the library.
The students are mostly from country. most 定语形容词,代词
,不能当副词 Most of the people in the library are girls.=The
people in the library are mostly girls. Most of the
students are from country. 五.fairly,quite,rather,
"相当"三词的区别 fairly是60%肯定意义的"刚符合要求""勉强还算"的"相当"In winter It's
fairly warm in the cave for an animal to sleep for a long
time. Einstain played violent fairly
well. quite是90%肯定意义的"相当",近似very quite right. quite good
quite well rather是近似too的否定意义"相当" It's rather/too hot in
summer,we can't sleep well. She sings rather
terribly. 六.no longer, not ....any longer与 no more, not
any more "不再"的区别 1.当宾语只能用no more I'm full,I can't eat no
more (fish). 2.表示次数,可反复多次,用no more,not any more. He
decided not to smoke any more. 3.表示以后"再不做某事",与以后相比. I
won't believe you any more. 4.表示在此之前"早已不再...",no longer,not
any longer. He does live here no longer. China is no
longer what it used to be . I'm no longer a
child. 七.特殊的最高级: 1.用Sb have never/not. done a more
sth.句型表示"在此之前从没遇到更好的"即现遇到的是最好的. How beautiful she sings!I
have never heard a better voice . I have never seen a more
beautiful girl ! 我从没见过有比你更漂亮的女孩! 我从没看过有比这更有趣的电影. I've
never seen a more interesting
film 他从来没有吃过有比米饭更好的食物. 她从没穿过有比这更好 的衣服. She has never
worn a more beautiful dress/suit 2.两者中的最高级用the more不用the
most She is the taller of the two
girls. 七.象interesting,interested类情绪词---ing 修饰物"令人.....的",an
exciting story ---ed修饰人及人的声音,面相.an excited man I'm
frightened at the tiger. a frightened voice /look I'm
pleased at the pleasant/pleasing composition. The film is
interesting,I'm interested in the interesting story. She
was frightened,"It's frightening."she said in a frightened
voice with a frightened
look. 八.already"刚开始的'已经',still"接近结束"仍然,yet"not
yet,三者的区别: 1.I am _already___a league Member,I am
_already___a young person.I'm not _yet__a Young
Pioneer. 九.no more than 否定意义,两者都同样不, not more than
肯定意义:两者都..,但前者不如后者 She is weak.Her husband is no more
strong than she. She is strong .Her husband is not more
strong than she . I'm poor, my father is _no__more (poor,
rich) than I. India is _not__larger (large,small )than
China. 如此两短语后面接数词,前者表示否定,即数量不多,"只有..."后者表示肯定数量多,"最多有...""不超过....." I
have _no__more than 5 yung .I can't lend you any . There
are not_ more than 3,500 students in this
school. 如此两短语后接从句,前者否定意义:后者象前者一样不: I am no more mad than
you are. I am not more mad than you are. he can no more
rive a bike than I can drive a plane.
他不会踩自行车就象我不会开飞机一样. 他不能辨别颜色就象我不能制造电脑一样. He can no more
tell a colour than I can"t make a computer.
鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也!(鲸鱼不是鱼就象马不是鱼一样.) A whale is no more a fish
than a horse is . 九.every day 每天(当时间状语) everyday
日常的(当前置定语) 十.some time 一段时间 for some time sometime 某个时候
one day sometimes 有时候 十一.far
的比较级farther可以表示"更远" 也可以表示抽象动作的"更深入" He walked farther
into the cave. 另一个比较级further只能表示"更深入" He studied the
English grammar further/farther . 十二.much too
后跟形容词,副词,等于too too much 等于much,后跟名词,或充当宾语. You are much
too excited.You drank too much (wine). 十三.连字号词组当前置定语 a
800-foot-high tower a 5-year-old boy a three-leged
stool=a stool of three legs a one -eyed man 十四.He sat
quiet/still. The sun rose red. He fell ill. The
milk turned bad
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#609663] |
2004-07-25
20:11   |
|
谭老师辛苦!能不能总结一下介词?
[更新: 2004-07-25 20:23]
三人行,必有我师。 海内存知己,天涯若比邻
教天才的老师教不出天才来。 我是一个学生,但如果让我选择, 我愿意成为一个能教出天才来的老师, 而不是教天才的老师,因为前者成就人,而后者被人成就。 然而成就人是教师的天职!
http://www.flashinn.com/gb/bolide MY
QQ:446100575
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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号
#609805] |
2004-07-25
21:45   |
贵高谭老师 发帖数:
191 注册时间: 2003-11 地区: 广西贵港市高中 |
注册用户 |
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二、介词at, in,
on, by 表示地方、地点、位置: 2.1 at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”: 1. The
begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。 There is a desk
in the corner. 2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
Jane在巴士站等你。 3. at home 在家 4. Who's standing there at the
door? 谁站在门口? 5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面 6. The
shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。 7. at the
entrance 在进口处 8. at the crossroads 在十字路口 9. When will
you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢? 10. I'm in France, at
Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲,巴黎只是一个“点”) 11. There is a small hut
at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。 12. My aunt lives at 55
Boretz Road in Durham. 我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz
路门牌55号。(地址要用at,不能用in) 13. at the side 在一边 14. at
reception 在招待会上 15. I'm at work. 我在工作。 16. at class/
home/ the library/ the office/ school
在班上/家里/图书馆/公司/学校表示抽象的活动, 2.2 in
把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间: 1. I live in London.
我住在伦敦。(大城市用in) 2. I live in England, at London.
我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔) 3. I live in a big city, my
sister lives at a small town.
我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈,small town就成一个点。因此就in a city,
at a small town. 呵呵) 4. We have a meeting in Beijing.
我们有北京有一个会议。 5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。 6.
in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔) 7. in a taxi 乘的士
(不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi ) 8. in a helicopter 乘直升机 9.
in a boat 乘小船 10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子,当然要用 in
啦) 11. in the newspaper 在报上 12. in the sky 在空中 13. in
the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed) 14. in the bedroom/ class/
library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校
2.3 on
把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面: 1. The author's name is on the cover of
the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名字。 2. There are no prices on this
menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。 3. You are standing on my foot.
你踏到我的脚了。 4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌子。 5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford
Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街 21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼;注意句中的 on,
at, in 的用法) on 在表面,紧密接触 on a
bus/train/plane/ship/bike/motorbike/horse in a
taxi/car/helicopter/boat by bus/air/bike/boat 6. on a
bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔) 7. on a train 乘火车
(可想像“骑”在火车上,哈哈) 8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上) 9. on a
ship 乘轮船 10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车 11.
on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象 12. on the radio, on
television 听广播、看电视 13. on the left, on the right
在左边、在右边,但in the center/middle walk/turn to the left/right
14. on the way 在路上 15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the
bed) 16. on the ceiling 在天花板上 17. on the floor
在地板上
2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意):
1. by the fire
在炉边 2. by the seaside 在海边 3. a path by the river
沿河道路 4. by the nearest road 走近路1.on 在表面,紧密接触 on a
bus/train/ship/plane/bike/motorbike/horse in a
taxi/car/boat/helicopter只有不用上楼梯,甲板的taxi,car,boat,helicopter用in,其余高大的车船马都用on(与get
on 有关) 2.by 1).by bus/boat/car/train/bike/---on my
bike 2)by hand/ ----with my hands 3)by the
day/week/month 3.for1.) buy/make/do/sth. for
sb.较遥远的想象中的对象"为了"用for, give/pass sth to
sb.面对面传递用to 2)praise sb/do sth. for sth"因为"主观人为具体的原因The
teacher praised him for his handwring The mother was angry
for her daughter's words because of sth则较客观 I’m late
because of the rain . I hate him for his being late. 3)I
buy the book at a price for 20 yuan. fight/work for
nothing 4.of 1)a boy of 5 ;a bike of this sort the gate
of the room a leg of the table a house of grass 2)a box
of candy a sort of bike three of the students 3) It's
very kind/cruel of you to help me. It's impossible for you
to help me. It's good ___ you to eat mor fruit. It's
good ___ you to repair my house. He's kind to you. my
father is cruel to___me. 5.off He fell off the bike. beat
the dust off your coat. The wire is off. against 1)He
set a table against the window. fight against
sth.\sb对着 2)He stood against the wall靠着 She put her head
against my shoulder. 6.by与before You should complete
the building by The National Day.交待任务,命令要求口气强 They
completed it before The National
Day.客观陈述,无"不迟于....""到...为止"意思用before
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