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谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606066] 2004-07-22 23:40 下一楼
贵高谭老师 现在不在线 贵高谭老师
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这是我在暑假期间应学生要求做家教时讲语法的原始教案。我是用电脑进行家教的，教案中的部分文字都是在现场想起什么就即兴敲键盘打什么进去的，所以教案还很粗糙，以后有时间再慢慢修改。望各位同行有好的修改意见不吝赐教。资源共享，共同进步！
形容词解释
一。只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little，wooden ，golden，many，elder 不能说The boy is little。the watch is golden/wooden
二、只能用作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive ,asleep, ashamed,awake, aware.
an ill boy ,an alone village 就是错的短语,an ill idea "坏点子"ill当定语时是转义了,不是"有病的"了。
三、表示倍数常用的句型:
He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you
I am twice older than you.
I am twice the age of you.
My books are twice as many as yours
China is four times larger than Europe.
China is four times the size of Europe.
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house .
五.与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,常修饰动词sit,stand
The door is open/closed.不要选opened或close.有特殊意义的形容词有:closed关,close形容词是"近",不是"关"了 near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数
六.very修饰原级形容词副词，修饰—ing，放在名词前表示强调。
much 修饰动词，修饰比较级最高级，修饰过去分词 。
四、--ly结尾一般是副词，但有些—ly结尾是形容词的：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly，
五。在be，seem，及物当主语的look，taste。smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared (出现)suddenly. He appeared(显得) happy.
六.表示主语长期的静止状态,不强调动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等
The valley lay quiet and peaceful
She sat silent . They stood still.
七.become,fall ,get,go,turn 表示"变得"时后跟形容词.
The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.
It fell/got/went/turned cold.
八.present 表示"出席的,到场的"的时候常放在名词后,the members present 表示"现在的"则放在名词前 the present members
九.live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Beijing .实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的，活泼的。　　His class is often lively.
十.the +adj表示一类人,是复数
The rich should help the poor.
the blind /wounded/young/old
十一.多个形容词作定语时的位置:排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等) + 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+ 特征形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等)+ 颜色形容词 + 类属形容词(包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词) + 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。
It is such a charming little short old round yellow
.......如..冠...抽.........大....高....老...形....色
french oak writing table.
..国...材....用
为方便背颂,特简化成9字诀:抽大高,老形色,国材用
抽：即抽象性质如beautiful，wonderful，terrible之类较空泛的词。
大：big，little，small，
高：tall，high，short，low
老：old，new，young，
形：square，round等
色：white，black，brown，red，gray，green，blue等
国：出产地方，往往是国家的形容词。汉语总是把产地排前,其它置后：中国美酒
材：woden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料，很多是名词
用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用来写字的，钓鱼的，走路的，往往是动名词。

1．She has a ___ jacket．(leather，brown，beautiful)beautiful brown leather
2．He has a ___ car. (long，red,American)
3．They live in a ___ house. (old，beautiful)
4．We have a ___ table. (antique,small，wooden)
5．He has a ___ jumper. (, lovely, red,woollen)
6．She has a ___ ring. (fabulous new diamond)
7．It was a ___ song．(French，old, lovely)
8．He owns a ___ dog．(black，horrible，big)
9．She bought a ___ scarf．(gorgeous，pink silk，)
10．I saw a ___ film. (，fantastic,new British)
1．beautiful brown leather jacket.
2．long red American car.
3．beautiful old house.
4．small antique wooden table.
5．lovely red woollen jumper.
6．fabulous new diamond ring.
7．lovely old French song.
8．horrible big black dog.
9．gorgeous pink silk scarf.
10.fantastic new British film.
(注上述原则不是放之四海而皆准的,要把普遍真理与特殊实际结合起来.一般说来,"抽,.....色,国,材,用"的位置是较确定的,"大,高,老,形"则不太确定,它们有时归类于"抽象"的一大类,在抽象的大词类中按短词在前,长词在后的原则甚至按照读音舒服顺口原则排列.例:
a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官

[更新： 2004-07-24 07:37]

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回复： 形容词解释 [帖号 #606105] 2004-07-23 00:26 楼上下一楼
贵高谭老师 现在不在线 贵高谭老师
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形容词练习
1.He is a (A.glad B.happy)young man. but he is (sick, ill )today.
2.My father's books are (A. many B. large piles)
3.The child is (A.little B. small) but he can lift such a heavy stone.
4.I am (A.elder B.cleverer)than (A.him B.he)
5.The house is (A.wooden B.golden C.a help)
7.There is no (A.alive B.living) things on the moon.
8.There stood a (A.quiet old big British B.British big old quiet C.big quite British D.quiet big old British) building .
9.Where have you been (A.all last these few B.these all last few C. last all few these D.all these last few ) days.
10.I wand a (A.bamboo long fishing B.long bamboo fishing C.bamboo fishing long) pole.
9.John bought a (A. blue cheap plastic B.cheap blue plastic C.plastic blue cheap D.plastic cheap blue ) pencil-box.
10.There is (A. an old fine stone B. a fine new wood C. a stone fine old D.a new wood fine brige.
11.please keep the door (A.opened B.open C.close D.opening)
12.He was beaten (A.death B.to dead C. to die)
13.Now he is back,(A.eagerly to see B. be eager to see C.eagerly seeing
D eager to see) his friend .
14.He came to us (A.was full B. to fill C.full D. filled )of apologies.
15.My mother returned home,(A.was tired and hungry B.tiredly and hungrily C.tired and hunger.)
16.The sun rises (A.redly and brightly B. red and bright)
17.He sat there (A.quietly B. quiet C.silently)
18.Snow lay (A.thickly B.thick) on the ground.
19.It's (no more ,more ,not more )than a book..it can be a dictionry.I 'm no more than teacher
20.--Have you got everything ready for the lecture?
--Not yet,we need (A.another two B.other two C.two another D.the other two) loudspeakers.
20.The students in our class are (A. most B. mostly C. at most D.best) from country.
21。keep _________us or you will lose your way.
A,near to B,close to C。closely D.nearly
1.His car runs______,if not faster than,a race car.
A.so fast B.so fast as C.as fast D.as fast as
7.They offered her a house for ＄100,000,______it was worth.
A.as much as twice B.as much twice as
C.as twice much as D.twice as much as
13.I would gladly pay______for the book because it is quite useful .
A.twice as much B.twice so much C.as much twice D.so much twice
15.He asked."which is______of the two bamboo poles?"
A.the longest B.the weightier C.shortest D.the most light
17.He hurried to the station,______to find that the train had ______left.
A.just,just B.only,only C.just,only D.only,just
18.The hunter came in,with the bow in one hand,and the arrow in his______hand.
A.other B.another C.the other D.the another
19.—I bought the car last week.It's second-hand.
—Well,it's______.
A.as good as new B.as new as good C.as better as new D.as new as better
20.—It's a lovely garden,isn't it? —Yes.______it is looked after!
A.How good B.How well C.What a good one D.How nice a garden
23.—Take this medicine,please.
—Do I have to?It tastes______.
A.terribly B.terrible C.terrified D.like terrible

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回复： 形容词解释 [帖号 #606174] 2004-07-23 06:35 楼上下一楼
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一.名词的数与格
1、物质名词象plactic，rice，grass，rock，永远是不可数的。
2、象iron，glass，papers，wood，99%是不可数的，但在转义为具体的人造成品如:烫斗，茶杯，报纸、论文、试卷,小森林时是可数的。
He’s reading （A、a paper，B.paper，C.papers ),holding （A、a glass，B.glass，C.glasses ) in his hand.
The book sells well,（A、a paper，B.paper，C.papers ) (A.are B. is )more expensive after the book was pubished.
3、象water，sand,snow,mountain 99%s是不可数的,但表示大范围,数量极其多,强调气势时是可数复数.英语中waters,sands,snows,mountains与water,sand,snow,mountain究竟有什么区别，就非常令中国学生困惑。先让我们看下面的句子：
1)、They built the High Dam to control the waters.
2).He washed his hand in the water,and drink some water.water is good for him.
3).Crusoe were walking in the sands,when he saw a footmark.
4).Spring firsrt come to the plain,then come to the snows.
5).He lay on the snow.
waters常表示大范围的,数量极多的，有感情色彩的“汪洋大水”“洪水”，在日常生活中是较少用的。在所有不强调大数量，大气势的普通情况下的水都应用water。例如“High Dam controls the waters."“大坝控制了水。”Waters are coming!"“洪水来了！”而“他在水里洗手。”肯定是小范围的水，用in the water,物质类别也用water.英语sands 表示大范围的“沙滩”sand 表示“沙”或“沙堆”。“克里索在沙滩上散步”是大范围的，用sands,而"克里索看见沙里有一个脚印”“脚印”肯定是小范围的，就应该用sand.不应用“sands",中国人说“沙滩上有个脚印”觉得很自然和正常，但其实“看见”大范围的“sands”里有个“footmark”就象“看见大西洋里有一根绣花针”一样不合比例。snows是“积雪”，也只是在强调大范围，大数量，惊人气势的“积雪”时用。小范围具体特殊的人同样不应躺在普遍大范围的“积雪上”。“一个人”同样不应住在大范围的'mountains"里，而应该是on the mountain。
4.中文看起来可数,象"水果""家具"鱼"米".草.消息.建议等名词在英语中却是不可数的.这要从具体与抽象的逻辑概念上理解。据说毛泽东曾和他的警卫开过这样的玩笑。他叫警卫去买“一斤水果”回来，那警卫买一斤苹果回来了。但毛泽东说这是“一斤苹果”不是“一斤水果”啊？警卫说“一斤苹果”就是“一斤水果”啊？毛泽东说，“苹果”是具体的，“水果”是抽象的，具体的东西与抽象的东西是不能等同的，具体的“一斤”不应与抽象的“水果”搭配。你不能买回来“一斤水果”，就象你不能买回“一斤甜”一样。英语里的“水果”“家具”“水”不可数，抽象主观的“建议”“新闻”也不可数，甚至在生活中没有细数实用实践意义的“谷粒”“草”“头发”也都属于不可数名词。但我们中国人的习惯是不管这个区别的。不管具体抽象，不管范围宽窄都拿来搭配：“昨天买了两件家具”，“他喝了几口水”，“不浪费一粒米”，"不带走一根草"“告诉你一条新闻”“提一个建议”“留一个脚印在沙滩上”“睡在积雪里”“住在山脉中”在汉语中可能不成问题，但在英语中却不能这样搭配。
5."水果""家具""鱼""一般是不可数的,但表示特定小范围的具体种类却是可数的.tea,coffee只有在表示"一杯""二杯"时是可数的.
6."头发"在表示小范围的与颜色有关时是可数的.
7. police,cattle,people,trousers,glasses(眼镜),永远用复数.
8.抽象名词象pleasure,honour,99%不可数,但表示特定情况下的一次体验是可数单数,往往有to do sth.不定式短语出现在句子中表示具体一次的体验.
9.有生命的人拥有的财产用'S所有格
10.无生命的内在组成部件用of所有格.
11.但无生命的时间.距离,天体,城市却常用'S所有格.

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606180] 2004-07-23 06:50 楼上下一楼
贵高谭老师 现在不在线 贵高谭老师
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名词练习
1. Please give me some (A.papers B.paper)to read.
2.Please give me some (A.papers B.paper)to make a plane.
3.Crusoe saw a footmark in the (A.sands B.sand ). He was terrified and ran in the (A.sands B.sand )
4. There are five (A.glasses B.glass)on the table.They're made of (A.glasses B.glass )
5.I need some (A.iron B.irons ) to make (A.iron B.an iron )
6.He laid on the (A.snow B.snows).Spring came to the (A.snow B.snows ) and all the (A.snow B.snows ) began to melt.
7.After (A.a B.x )strong wind , there came(A.a B.x )heavy rain .(A.a B.x )flood came to the city,
8.It's (A.a B.x ) pleasure to drive a plane in the sky.
9.please do me (A.a B.x ) favor .
10.It's (A.an B.x ) honour to be praised by the teacher.
11.He stood on the (A.mountain B.mountains ).He wanted to travell in the (A.mountain B.mountains ).
12.I love (A. the flower of the garden B. the garden's flower ),especially I love (A.the flower of my brother B.my brother's flower ).
13.I want to buy (A.a paper of today B.today's paper C. a today's paper )
14.It's about (A.two hours' walk B.a walk of two hours' C. a walk of two hours )from here.
15.(A.the cat of your brother B.the cat of your brother'sC.Your brother's cat )is very lovely!
16.He's (A.one student of my mother B. one my mother's student C. one of my mother's)
17.I'll return you the money as soon as quickly,just have a little (A.wait B.money C.patience D.rest )
18. You'll find this map of great (A.price B.costC.value D.usefulness )
19.I have some (A.money B.moneys )I can lend you some (A.coin B.coins )
20.She has some gray (A.hair B.hairs ).but her (A.hair is B.hairs are) long.

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606182] 2004-07-23 06:52 楼上下一楼
贵高谭老师 现在不在线 贵高谭老师
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代词应注意的重点
1.宾格:在及物动词,介词后必须用宾格,注意动词.介词后被隔离远一点的同位语也应该用宾格.
1)He hates all his roommates, Tom, John and (A.I B. me).But Tom, John and (A.I B. me). didn't hate him.
2)My father looked at the three boys, Tom, my brother and (A.I B. me).
2.形容词性代词所有格.my ,your,his ,its ,their后必须跟名词.
注意its 与it's的区别,前者是"它的"所有格,后者是"它是...."的缩写
3.名词性代词所有格是重点和难点:名词性所有格后不需跟名词.
Your book is red, Mine is black.(=My book is black.)
It's not my letter.It's yours.(=it's your lrtter)
He hid his cake in the frige, he is eating hers. (=he is eating her cake)
She is not our teacher.She is theirs. =their teacher
Your classroom is beautiful, Ours is more beautiful.
My father is a doctor,while his（=his father） is a teacher.(只有his 和its的形容词所有格和名词所有格是相同的.)
The cat looked at the tiger,the tiger's legs are long, while its（=its legs） are short.
mine,yours,hers,ours,theirs,his,its相当于一个上文已出现过的名词:如我的书,你的信,她的蛋糕,他的父亲,他们的老师,它的腿.
4.by oneself "独自"即不需要别人帮助.I studied English by myself .
for oneself 为了自己
oneself a.亲自(不一定是"独自" ),Zhao anlai himself went to see the worker hit by his car in the hospital.
b.本身(强调语气) 省略句子也通I myself am a peasant ,not a leader.
1）I can do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) .You needn't help me .
2)I'll do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) .I want to get the first material.
I just do it （A.by myself B. for myself C.myself) ,not for anybody else.
of itself 是"自动地" (象门自动开了)
The door opened of itself.
5.不定代词some any
1)some 一般 用于肯定句,表示"一些""某一个"
I have some money with me
.I have heard something about him.
我学过语法. 他懂日语.
any表示"任何一个"用于事先完全不知道情况的疑问句和完全否定句.
Have you seen any ghost? No ,I haven't seen any .
Do you have any money? Yes ,I have some .
特殊情况:A用于事先知道情况,倾向于得到肯定回答时用some,不用any:
Have you studied some English? Why not answer my question？
Do you have some money?why not lend me some?
B.请客吃饭,请人一定要帮忙需要肯定回答的疑问句要用some.
Would you like to have some fish?
Would you like to give me some ink ?
6.each 与every 的区别.each，every都表示“每一”，但使用起来是有区别的:each是强调每一个人或事物都有着各自互不相同的个性或差异性；如：Each student has his own habit。Each leaf has its own shape.every强调大家都具有相同的共性，如:Every student agreed with me. every还等于all，表示全体总数齐全，一个不缺。Everyone is here.(人来齐了) Has he finished every exercise/all exercises？
any 表示“无论任何一个”时也可用于肯定句。
我们班所有的同学都能回答这个问题。Any student can answer your question。
all是全部所有同时做某事，any不是所有同时，而是在全体中随便挑一个。回答问题肯定不会是所有学生异口同声同时回答，抽查任何一个就应用any。
7.it 与one 的区别
it指代上文同类同一的事物,one表示同类不同一的另一个体,如,
That is a book on the desk .It is red.
That is a good book, I need one.
8.it 与that ,which的区别
1)代替后面的不定式或从句当形式主语.形式宾语只能用it,不能用that
It is importat to read English more. I find it interesting that he walked as a monkey.
2)在定语从句中当关系代词只能用that,which,强调句型只能用that.
It is our classroom,in front of which there is a tree.
It is in our classroom that we will hold a party.
3)表示天气.距离.价格,猜测看不清楚的人都用it.
Some is coming， who is it？He must be our headmaster。
Someone is knocking at the door。 Who is it？
“It must be the postman。”
9.every one, any one ,some one, none 与everyone ,anyone,someone, no one=nobody的区别:前者既可表示人,也可表示物,后者只能表示人.前者后可接of短语,表示有范围的特定的物或人,后者不能,表示泛指的人.
Every one of the eggs is bad。
Any one in our class can answer your question。
1)Anyone can make mistakes. You can take any one of the books.
10．ａｌｌ，ｂｏｔｈ，ｅｉｔｈｅｒ．ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ
１）同位语位置：行为动词前，ｂｅ动词及第一个助动词后．
２）ａｌｌ三者以上We are all students。
They have all been to Beijing。
We all love him。
ｂｏｔｈ两者都
ｅｉｔｈｅｒ两者随便之一
ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ两者都不
There are trees on （either site=both sites） site of the street。
You can sit （either site，both sites）of the boat，if you can keep still。
others
the others
another 又一个，再一个sing us another songshow me another

[更新： 2004-07-23 13:11]

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606184] 2004-07-23 06:55 楼上下一楼
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代词练习
1.Can you tell me (A.everything B,anything C.something)about Long March?
2.Would you like to have (A.any B.some) beer?
3.Does your friend Jean have (A.any B.some) jewelery?why not borrow (A.any B.some)from her?
4.You can eat (A.somethingB.anything)you like,it's nothing serious.You can go (A.somewhereB.anywhere),no one can stop you.
5.(A.Each B.Every) student has his own idea.
6.(A.Each B.Every) student has the same view of the problem.
7.(A.Each B.Everybody) is here,and (A.Each B.Every)student is doing his own job .
8.(A.Every one B.Every C.All D.Everyone) of the magazine had been marked with date and number.
9.It's impossible for all the people to get the job,because (A.Each of B.Every one of C.all of D. none of) them are not fit for it.
10."Which 那一个of the four can I use?"
"Oh (A.any one B.anyone C.anything D. nothing )"
11.To some people it is pleasure,to (A.ones B. others C. other ones D.those ) it is suffering.
12.She has four daughters,one is in New York (A.other B. the other C.another D. the others )are in Washington.
13.I borrowed some books (A.for B.of C.by D.x) myself, but when I was going to read (A.it B.one C.another),the lamp went out (A.for B.of C.by D,X) itself. and I had to sit in the dark (A.for B.of C.by D.X)myself.
14.----Have you got (A.some B.any)red ink?
-----Sorry,I haven't got (A.some B.any).
15.----Haven't you got (A.some B.any) money,Lend me (A.some B.any).
16.Jane is(A.something B.anythingC.anybodyD.somebody) of a musician.
17.(A.Each B.Every)girl has a special suit.
18.We sat near the teacher's desk and heard (A.Each B.Every)word he said.
19.He walked into the hall and shook hands with (A.everybody B.each person)
20.You should think more of (A. another B.others C .the others).
21.there are sixty syudents in our class,fifty-five students have handed in their homework,but (A. another B.others C .the others) haven't handed in (A.their B.them C.theirs) .The teacher should think more of (A. another B.others C .the others).
22.I don't like the apple, please give me(A. another B.others C .the others).
23. The pen is not (A. me B.my C.mine D.my pen).(A.that B.it ) must be (A.someone's B.someone else
C.a pen of someone else D.someone else's)
24.I raise a cat.(A.the eyes of it B.its eyes C.it's eyes )are blue.
25. My deskmate is hardworking.(A.His B.He's )father is a peasant .
26.My father is richer than (A.Tom B.Tom's C.Tom's father)
27.Do you know (A. everything B.something C.anything) about my hometown ? Do you want me to tell you (A. everything B.something C.anything) about it?
28.Can you tell me (A. everything B.something C.anything) about your hometown?
29.I love (A.all the B.every C.any D.each )books you have. I hope I can read (A.all the B.every C.any D.some )book I love before I am eighty.
30.(A.EveryB.All C.Each) student is in the room. (A.Everyone B.All C.Each ) is doing his own job.
31.I am the king of the family. I can eat (A.Everything B.something C.anything ) in my house.
I dare to beat (A.Every one B.any one C.Each D.some one) of my family.
32.(A.Every B.All the C.Each ) students know where the English teacher lives .(A.Every one B.All C.Each D.any one) of them can lead you to his home.

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606186] 2004-07-23 06:57 楼上下一楼
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冠词
冠词是放在名词前，表达该名词在谈话人心目中是泛指、类指还是特指三种情况。
1. 零冠词表示泛指。即无确定范围,时间,地点的假设,想象事物,泛指的不可数物质名词,抽象名词和可数名词复数常用零冠词.
1）泛指物质名词。如：“水火无情”“water and fire takes no pity on anyone”“水加热变气””Water will change into stream when it is heated。"对比鉴别：“水有毒”“大火延续了五个小时”这个“水、火”就不是假设、想象、泛指，而是实际存在，说话听话的人都了解的特指事物。这个"水,火"必须用定冠词表示特指:The water is poisonous. The fire lasted for five hours.
还要注意,独一无二的天体要用the ,the sun,the world ,the sky,the earth,the moon,the stars,
2)泛指抽象名词:"我爱音乐"I like music." "工作就是斗争""Work is struggle.
对比鉴别:A.有确定范围限制的抽象名词要用the:"这电影的音乐很美" The music is wonderful.""我在学校工作,工作很辛苦."I work in the school,The work is hard."
B.表示特定情况,特定范围的"一种""一场""一次"体验或事情的抽象名词用a ,特别是前面有形容词修饰的物质名词和抽象名词,又能用"一种""一场""一次""一番"修饰时,更要用a.如
It is a pleasure to talk with you.
my birthday party was a great success.
注意:fun, news, weather, information, advice, progress，永远不可数
3)泛指的可数名词复数.也是假设,想象,无确定范围，时间,场所限制的可数名词复数.如“人是伟大的”“Man is great。”“学生怕考试”“Students fear to be examed。”这里的“人”“学生”都是任意范围，任意时期的空泛的事物。
4).可数名词抽象化:a.不表示具体地方而主要表示一种经常普遍的活动.象go to school/hospital/church b.抽象的方式:by bus/bike/car
We had a good time in town last Sunday.
I wish I could do something for you in return.
5).语言或学科的名词前：He can speak not only English but also Japanese.
6.)季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前：
Autumn is the season of harvest.
]The Autumn of 2004
June 1st is Children's Day.
We have English classes on Monday and Thursday.
7).球类运动或棋类游戏名称前：
They all like to play football.
Cool.有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等修饰的名词前,不能说a my book,his the house, your that baby.our each age：
Each age has its pleasures and pains(痛苦).
Each of his friends sent him a deferent gift.
All students used to make a mistake in their homework.
All of the students in our class have heard the news.
This is my book .
This is one of my books.
9).大多数专有名词前：
　Do you know Nanjing Road in Shanghai?
10).表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如：
　　He was chosen president./chatrman/monitor/captain
What's wrong,Granny?
　　Doctor Liu is a scientist.
11).用于表示家庭成员或nurse,cook, teacher等具有our nurse(cook，teacher)意义时：
Teacher was very pleased with our work.
Mother was being made up to look like the ideal(理想的),middle-aged housewife.
12).表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如：in purple,Japanese(日语), Britain(英国)等。
13).一日三餐的名称前：　　Have you had breakfast?
2. 不定冠词 a 表示个体类指，是指整类中不确定的随意一个,常用场合:1)目标不确定的可数名词单数:“有男孩在哭”。A boy was crying“我要买钢笔” I want to buy a pen “一夫当关，万夫莫开”If a soldier guard in the place ，even ten thousand enemy soldiers can’t enter it。
他在大学当老师.He was a teacher in a college.
2)表示“一场”“一次”“一种”特定范围，特定时间，特定对象的物质名词，抽象名词。a +形容词+抽象/物质名词 a heavy rain ，a strong wind ，a bad cold ，My exam is a success .常与a连用的名词有time, death, life, education, kindness，pleasure
3.)示"一"这个数量，但数的概念不如one强烈。如
　I have a mouth(嘴),a nose(鼻子),two eyes(眼)and two ears(耳朵).
One flower can't make spring.
4)用于某些固定词组中。如：
　　have a seat,have a rest，a little(一点儿)等等。
　　注意：使用a和an时应切记：元音开头的单词(或字母)前用an；辅音开头的单词(或字母)前用a。其关键在于：是"元音"而不是"元音字母"，也就是看"音(音标)"而不是看"形(字母)"。如：
　　There is an"r"f" "u"in the word"under".
　　单词"under"里有一个"r"和一个"u"。
　　That is a banana,not an apple.
　　1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如：
　　The girl in the hat is my sister.
　　The books on the desk are Lin Tao's.
　　2.指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如：
　　-Where are the pictures?
　　-They are on the wall.
Let's go to the classroom.
4.世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun,the moon，the earth等。
5.序数词或形容词最高级前。如：
　　Sunday is the first day of the week.
　　Kate is the tallest of the three girls.
　　6.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall(长城)，the People's Park(人民公园)等。
7.用在乐器前。如：　　play the piano /the violin play football
8.用在一些习惯用语中。如：
　　by the way，look the same，in the same class等等。
　　People have always dreamed of flying high up into space.
He is such a tall boy.
He is so tall a boy.
work 工作不可数 You have done good
work
a good job
work 作品 an art work

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606187] 2004-07-23 06:59 楼上下一楼
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冠词练习
1."＿＿knowledge is power．” Francis Bacon proved ＿＿ truth over 400 years ago．
A． A; ／ B． The; an C． The; the D． ／; the
2.Many people agree that ＿＿a＿ knowledge of English is a must in ＿＿x＿ international trade today． ( NMET’96)
A． a; ／ B． the; an C． the; the D． ／; the
3.(A. The B. x C.A)fire is of great use to human beings.
4.(A. The B. x C.A) fire gave Crusoe some warmth ,he began to feel better.
5.(A. The B. x C.An) iron n the box is collected by my grandpa.
6.—I'd like ＿ information about the management of your hotel, please．
—Well, you could have a word with the manager． He might be helpful．(NMET’95)A． some; a B． an;some C．some;some D． an; a
7.It’s ＿a shame you should have missed such a nice film．
A． shame B． a shame C． the shame D． shameful
8.Word ame that the college entrance examination of 2003 will be carried out ahead of time．
A． A word B． The word C． Words D． Word
9.Finally they got to ＿＿a＿ place which had never been visited by ＿＿x＿ men.A．／；／ B． a； ／ C． the； the D． the；／
10. Many people are still in ＿the habit of writing silly things in ＿＿＿x＿ public places． (NMET’93)
A． the; the B．／; ／ C． the; ／ D． ／; the
11. The warmth of ＿the eater will of course be determined by the sort of ＿＿＿x wool used． (NMET2000)
A． the； the B． the； ／ C． ／；the D． ／；／
12.Alexander Graham Bell invented ＿the telephone in 1876． （MET’91）A． ／ B． a C． the D．one
13. As a businessman, he is in great need of ＿＿＿a mobile phone．
A． a B． the C． one D． ／
14.She is ＿a＿＿ newcomer to ＿＿＿＿ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries．
A． the； the B． the； ／ C． a； ／ D． a；the (NMET’94)
15. ＿One swallow（燕子）does not make a summer, which is ＿＿＿＿ famous saying．
A． One； a B． A； the C． A； a D．The； one
16.Paper money was in ＿＿x＿ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ＿＿＿＿ thirteenth century． (NMET’99)
A． the； ／ B． the； the C． ／； the D． ／； ／
17. — Who did you spend last weekend with﹖
— ＿＿＿＿＿． （上海’98）
A． Palmer’s B． The Palmers’ C． The Palmers D． The Palmer’s
18. — Where did you spend last night﹖
— ＿＿＿＿＿．
A． Palmer’s B． The Palmers’C． The Palmers D． The Palmer’s
19.It is ＿＿＿＿ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it． （上海’98）
A． so unusual B． such unusual C． such an unusual D． so an unusual
20. What we are carrying out is ＿＿＿＿ information revolution
A． such great B． so great C． such great an D． so great an
21.The dark clouds suggest that ＿＿＿＿ is soon coming．
A． the snow B． the heavy snow C． a heavy snow D． heavy snow
22. I usually play ＿＿＿＿ piano for an hour after ＿＿ supper．
A． a; a B． the; the C． the; ／D． ／;the
23. He plays ＿＿＿＿ football very well and has twice been chosen ＿＿＿＿ captain of the team．
A．／; the B． the;／ C． a; the D． ／; ／
24(A.The B. A)Life is always presenting new things to (A.the B. x)children.
25.(A.The B. x)Iron(铁)and steel(钢)play (A.the B. anC.x)important role in (A.the B. x)industry.

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606194] 2004-07-23 07:21 楼上下一楼
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谭老师辛苦了！ Smile
很有价值的资料，谢谢了！辛苦了！

把爱给家人给朋友给身边需要温暖的人，别忘了留一点爱给自己！

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606195] 2004-07-23 07:21 楼上下一楼
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求职启事
谭老师为中学高级教师,英语,政治双本科毕业,信息技术也自学到相当程度,成功上过培训班级主页制作,flash等大班培训课.特长高中英语教学,英语学术功底好,对信息技术与学科整合有兴趣并有相当深度的研究与试验.特长写论文.现希望能应聘到待遇好的单位工作.有需要的单位请与我联系.TEL:0775-4588621 EMAIL:tanwa13@yahoo.com.cn

[更新： 2004-07-23 07:22]

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606205] 2004-07-23 07:50 楼上下一楼
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哦，谭老师可以在教育管理论坛发个帖子，那里有校长们。也可以在教育教学论坛发个帖子，那里老师多。 Smile

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606329] 2004-07-23 10:22 楼上下一楼
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连词解释
一.because,for,since,as,的区别
because语气强,表示客观必然原因：He is absent,because he is ill .比较:He is absent,for he is busy.
（“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因，“忙”不是必然原因。）for 语气轻,表示非客观必然的原因,是主观可改变结果的原因,甚至是猜测可能的原因:He must be ill, for he is absent. “缺席”不一定是“生病”，只是交流猜测。for 不能放句首,它是并列连词.
since,as 都是不讲自明的原因,是已知的原因.
Since I am a boy, let me carry the case.
As you don't feel well ,you had better stay at home.
1.我不进去了,因为我爸爸在里面.
I won't go in .for my father is there.
2.他的电脑一定是坏了,因为在QQ上不见他.
3.昨晚一定是下雨了,因为地很湿.
It must have rained last night,for the ground is web.
4.地是湿的,因为昨晚下雨了.
The ground is web,because the ground is web .
5.因为我18岁了,我不能要你的钱.

6.因为不高兴,他不想出去了.
He diden't wanted to go out ,for he was unhappy.
3.既然你工作忙，你就不必跟我们一道去了。
Since/As you are busy, you had better not go with us.
4.他付给我比别人少的钱,因为我是个女的.
He paid me less than the others,for I'm female.
5.他付给我比别人少的钱,仅仅因为我是个女的.
He paid me less than the others,only because I'm female.
5.既然大家都在这,我们开始开会吧.
Since everybody is here,let's begin our meeting.
As you don't feel well,you'd better stay at home.
二.when,while,as引导时间状语时的异同.
when,表示时间点,时间段都可以.如状语是短暂动作时,多用when ,是时间段时则三个连词都 可以.When/While/As I was walking in the street,I met a friend of mine.
只能用when 的句型:
1.放句中,主句是进行时,从句是短暂动作,表示"这时突然" I was reading in the room, when a girl shouted for help.我正在房间看书，这时突然听到有一个女孩喊救命！
2.从句是短暂动作:When I got up, I heard the bell ring.
只能用while的句型:
1.I am poor while you are rich.表示对立予盾的对比，这时while相当于but。
Tom is strong ,while John is weak.

2.Go to see the film while it is still on.表示“趁着还来得及的时候,赶快...."
1.趁热打铁.Strike while it is hot.
2.趁着老师还在教室,你赶快去问他吧.
You should go to ask the teacher while he is still in.
只能用as的句型:
1.She sang as she walked."一边....一边..."稳定的动作当从句,不稳定的动作当主句"
他一边洗澡一边吹口哨."
He whistled as he had a bath."
我一边看书一边听音乐.
I listened to music as I read.
他一边唱歌一边弹钢琴.

他一边画画一边吃苹果.

2.As you know, the earth moves around the sun.
He failed as we had expected."正如....所知道,预料的一样.... as 在此是关系代词,不能用which代替.
1.)正如众所周知的一样,地球是圆的.
As everybody can see,the earth is round.
2.)我们都知道,月亮上没有人.
3.)正如我们所预料的一样,中国足球队赢了印尼.
As we had expected,Chinese Football Team betean Indian
3."随着时间的发展,某事变得......"
As thirty years passed by,my mother's hair became gray.
As morden industry develops,more and more waste produces.
三.as 与like的区别
1.表示"象...一样"时,as接从句,like 接短语
Do everything as I do. He is/looks like his mother.

2.as当介词接短语时,表示"作为..."不是"象...一样"的意思啦.like 当动词时,是"喜欢"的意思,不要搞混为"象..."
As a Party Member, I should............
We should study as Lenin studied.
He is/looks like his mother.
As a League Member,I should take everything in the lead.
The bird (likes, looks like, ) a cock.,it is very big.
三.untill, I'll not go untill the bell rings.
unless 条件I'll not go unless you go .
I waited untill he came肯定句延续 He lived here until he was 90.
I didn't leave untill he came.短暂not until,
I won't stay with you unless you drive the dog out.
四.and ,but,however,yet,
He studied hard and became a college student.顺趋势自然而然发展
He studied hard but failed in the exam.逆趋势转折
He studied hard , however,he failed in the exam.中间有逗号，语气轻用however 不能用but
He studied hard ,yet he failed in the exam.
Althought he studied hard ,yet he failed in the exam.（yet可以与although，though连用，but不能。
五.就近原则，对称原则，附加不理原则
谓语动词就最近距离主语原则：
Either he or his parents (is ,are) wrong.
Either you or he (is ,are) wrong.
(is ,are) you or he wrong?
连词后成分对称原则：Both ....and neither....nor
not only.....but also.......
She can (either sing,sing either)English songs or Chinese songs.
She can (either sing,sing either)English songs or dance well.
with后名词附加不影响谓语原则
He as well as his wife and daughters (like, likes)
music very much.
He with his sons (get,gets )up early every day.
I but you (are,am)wrong.

[更新： 2004-07-25 09:30]

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #606334] 2004-07-23 10:24 楼上下一楼
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连词练习
1.It's going to rain.(A.because B.for C.since D.as)my mother's leg is aching.2.My mother's leg will ache , (A.because B.for C.since D.as)It's going to rain.
3.(A.Because B.For C.Since D.As)you are here,you should clean your room.
4.He got up late ,(A.because B.for C.since D.as) it was Sunday
5.(A.because B.forC.sinceD.as)Marx was a German,he couldn't speak Chiness
6.He was whistling( 吹口哨),(A.when B.while C.as)he was riding a bike.
7. (A.when B.while C.as) we were walking ,he was riding a bike.
8.He is right,(A.when B.while C.as) you are wrong.
9.He came in (A.when B.while C.as) I was reading in the room.
10.I was reading in the room (A.when B.while C.as) he came in.
11.You must hurry (A,so B.or C.but D.howerer) you'll be lake.
12.I hurried (A,since B.so that C.as if D.or) I wouldn't be lake.
13.You'll be late (A.unless B.until C.if Dor.)you leave immediately.
14.You'll stay here (A.unless B.until C.if D.or) the building falls down.
15.(Whenever ,whether, If ,that)our team win is not known.
16.(A.when B.while C.as) the day went on, the weather got worse.
1. I'm sorry _____ your grandfather has passed away.
　A. how B. why　C. when D. that
2. _____ surprised me most was _____ he could speak Chinese so well.
　A. How/that B. Why/how　C. When/that D. What/that
3. I'm not sure _____ she'll be here on time.
　A. when B. how soon　C. how long D. whether
4. ____ you hurry, you'll be late. A. If not B. IfC. Although D. Unless
5. Do _____ you were told.A. asB. likeC. according to D. following
6. The old man will not hear you _____ you shout.
　A. except B.untill　C. since D. while
7. _____ there is life, there is hope.
　A. Until B. Where C. After D. Before
8. The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far-away 　village.
　A. until B. that　C. when D. where
9. Please take an umbrella with you _____ it should rain.
　A. now that B. sinceC. in case D. because
10. Henry ___ his younger brothers goes to school from Monday to Friday.
　A. and B. plus　C. as well as D. as good as
11. _____ I know, he went to Japan with the aid of his Japanese relatives.
　A. As long as B. As far as　C. Now that D. When
12. Man couldn't live without air _____ water.
　A. as well as B. and　C. or D. but
13. Is it necessary _____ we learn foreign language well?
　A. whether B. if　C. that D. how
14. _____ you have come all the way here, you'd better stay a while.
　A. When B. While　C. Now that D. Although
15. _____ a beginning is made, the work is half done.
　A. While B. Once　C. Unless D. As if
16. It was the first time _____ I had been to a palace ball.
　A. when B. that　C. at which D. for that
17. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
　A. what B. how　C. after D. when
18. It is still a question _____ we shall have our meeting.
　A. if B. that　C. which D. when
19. It was not long _____ he returned from abroad.
　A. when B. as　C. that when D. before
20. _____ coal is burned, the chemical energy is turned into heat energy.
　A. Because B. While　C. When D. For
21.Either you or I (A.am B.areC.is) wrong.
22.(A.Am BAreC.Is) either You or I wrong?
23.He can (A.speak both B. both speak)English and German.
24.he can (A.speak both B. both speak)Englis and play violent.

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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #607485] 2004-07-23 23:01 楼上下一楼
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谢谢！

把爱给家人给朋友给身边需要温暖的人，别忘了留一点爱给自己！

钟声教育欢迎你！
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回复： 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #607548] 2004-07-23 23:42 楼上楼上
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我觉得应该将字增添一点颜色，不然看起来好累。
谢谢楼主！

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