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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #607689] 2004-07-24 07:56 楼上下一楼
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(18)主谓一致

1、定义: 所谓“主谓一致”,就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。这是英语和汉语在构句里的又一迥异之处。
2、主谓一致的种类:
⑴ 语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如:
I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。
We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。
⑵ 意义上的一致
a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:
The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包围住了这位政府官员。
单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。如:
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。
b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:
Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是查尔斯•狄更斯1860年所著。
形复意单的单词有:news,works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称(如:“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”,the United States, the United Nations)以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。
⑶ 就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?
b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
═ There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:
Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。
On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman. 船上有2,2001人, 1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。


名词作主语
1、某些集体名词,如family, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family is large.    我的家庭是个大家庭。 (看作一整体)
My family all like music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。 (指家庭中一个个成员之和)
属于这类的集体名词还有:audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government,party, public, staff 等。
名词population一词的使用情况类似。如:
The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口数增长很快 。
One third of the population in this country enjoy drinking coffee.  这国三分之二的人喜欢喝咖啡。
“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。
2、单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之,谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。如:
Every means has been tried out without much result.每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。
All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。
This shoe works was set up in 1980. 这家鞋厂建于1980年。
Those shoe works were all set up in 1980. 这些鞋厂都建于1980年。
当它们前面有a, such a, this, that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all, such, these, those修饰时,谓语用复数。
3、名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:
My doctor’s is not far from my home. 我的家庭医生诊所离我家不远。
My uncle’s is just across the street.  我叔叔家在街对面。
常见的省略名词有:the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Smith’s 等等。
表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但作主语时,谓语动词常常用复数。如:
Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell. Richardson的店里有许多货可卖。
4、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help.   两百美元帮了Jack大忙。
5、如果主语有more than one… 或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如:
More than one comrade has asked to stay. 不止一位同志已经要求留下。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构及“more than one hundred+复数名词”结构之后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:
More members than one are against your plan. 不止一位成员反对你的计划。
6、不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a …and many a…结构作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男的和女的都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
7、表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The trousers are in the drawer. 裤子在抽屉里。
There is a pair of shoes under the bed. 有一双鞋在床下。
The pair of shoes is rather expensive. 这双袜子很贵。
8、this kind of book ═ a book of this kind (这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of books═ books of this kind═ these kind of books(口语)(这类书),但this kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用单数;books of this kind 和these kind of books作主语时,谓语动词用复数。all/these kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
This kind of books is very popular with young people. 这类书很受年轻人欢迎。
Books of this kind are very popular with young people.这类书很受年轻人欢迎。
These kind of parties are dangerous. 这类政党很危险。
All kinds of flowers have come out in the valley. 山谷里各种各样的花已竞相开放。
9、如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, rest, some, neither, none, no等词,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之用单数。如:
Some of the pigeons have been missing. 一些鸽子已经不见了。
Some of the ice has melted so far. 迄今已有一些冰融化掉了。
All of the water in the area has been seriously polluted. 这地区所有的水都已受严重污染。
All of the books have been sold out. 所有的书都已被卖完了。
None of us have been there. 我们没人去过那里。
None of the stolen money has been found yet. 被偷的钱至今一点也未找到。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。
B. 由连接词连接的名词作主语
1、用and或both…and连接并列主语,表示不同概念,谓语动词常用复数。如:
You and he both stand up.    你和他都站了起来。
Water and air are both important. 水和空气都很重要。
Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。
但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时,即指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
⑴ 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如: 
iron and steel 钢铁  law and order 治安  bread and butter 黄油面包
⑵ 配套事物。如:
a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. 吃西餐时要用刀和叉。
The cart and horse is coming.        马车来了。
⑶ 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如:
the worker and poet  这位工人兼诗人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
⑷ 两个完全重合的概念并列。如:
aim and end  目的         truth and honesty   真诚
capacity and efficiency  效能    love and affection   情感
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.      爱与被爱是幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.   早睡早起是好习惯。
2、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如:
Your father as well as you is very kind to me. 不仅你而且你的父亲对我都非常好。
He, like you and Xiao Li, is very clever. 他象你和小李一样非常聪明。
Mr Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris. Robbins先生明天将和妻子和孩子离开伦敦去巴黎。
C. 代词作主语
1、名词性物主代词作主语时,根据它所替代的是单数还是复数来确定谓语动词的单、复数。如:
Theirs (their classroom) is a big classroom. 他们的教室是一个大教室。
Your trousers are black and mine are brown. 你的裤子是黑色的,我的是棕色的。
2、such, the same起指示代词作用,应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如:
Such is our plan. 这就是我们的计划。Such are my hopes. 这些就是我的愿望。
3、关系代词which, who, that在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如:
Those who want to go should sign your names here. 那些想去的人在这儿签上你们的名字。
He is one of the students who are good at maths.  他是那些擅长数学的学生中的一位。
He is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others behind their backs. 他是这些孩子中唯一经常在背后讲别人坏话的人。
4、疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:
Who lives next door? It's Xiao Liu.
Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu.
5、不定代词any, either, neither,none, all, some, more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:
单独作主语,视其在文中的意义,动词可用单数或复数形式。例如:
Now all has been changed. All are present at the meeting.
either, neither单独作主语,谓语通常用单数。
但是后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,谓语动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更为常用。如:
Do (Does) any of them know English? 他们中有人懂英语吗?
None of them like (likes) football. 他们中没人喜欢足球。
D. 分数、量词作主语 
1、“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如:
More than 70 percent of the surface of ouor planet is covered by water. 我们星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆盖着。
One third of the students are girls in our group. 我们队三分之一的学生是女生。
注意: a large quantity of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,其短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,而(large) quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词,其短语作主语,谓语动词一般用复数。如:
A large quantity of people is needed here.  这儿需要大批人。
Large quantities of food have rotten away.  大量食物都已经腐烂了。
短语in quantity, in large quanities意为“大量的”;in small quantities意为“少量的”。
2、a great deal of/ a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,但large amounts of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。如:
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608132] 2004-07-24 15:47 楼上下一楼
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主谓一致练习
1.He went to see the children .but all (A.were B.was ) silent .
2.It was midnight.All (A.were B.was ) silent..
3.When and where to build the new factory (A.is B. are C.has D.have )not decided yet.
4.The number of people invited (A.were B.was) fifty,but a number of them (A.was B.were)absent.
5.The old (A.is B.are C.was D.has been)well looked after by the government .
6.The secretary and manager (A.is B.are C.was D.hasve been)very busy now.
7.2,000 dollars(A. is B.are) like a cup of tea .
8.During the holiday every train and ship (A.is B.are C.was )crowed.
9.The team (A.has B.have)chosen (A.his B.their) captain.
10.Either you or I (A.is B.are C.am D.will)going to the teachers' office .
11.This is one of the best novels that (A.have been B.has C.had been D.have) appeard this year .
12.Ten thousand dollars (A.is B.are C.were D.have )quite a large sum.
13.20 percent of the work (A.is B.are C.were D.was) done yesterday.
14.My family (A.enjoy B.enjoys)running in the morning.
15.Either dye or paints (A. is B.are C.was D.be)used to color.
16.Not only Tom but also his wife (A.are B.is C.were D.be)fond of football.
17.That 24 persons died in the accident (A.is B.are C.was D.were)clear now.
18."All but one (A.is B.are C. was D.were )here, teacher."
19.All(A.have B.has)been sid.
19.On the wall (A.is B.are C.was )two pictures.
20.The first part of the book is easy,but the rest(A.are B.is supposed C.has proved D.is proved) difficult.
21.The students each(A.have B.has) a dictionary.
22.each of the students (A.have B.has) a dictionary.
23.The United States(A. are B.is)large.


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608157] 2004-07-24 16:04 楼上下一楼
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情态动词解释
一、表示语气强烈的强权命令,警告,许诺用shall,"我命令..."表示教育,劝告,建议,责备等的“应当”用should。
11.You shall be here at 8.You shall not be late.(命令)
2.You shall lose your son ,if you don't give me the money in time.(威胁)
3.You shall get punished.(警告)
4.You shall get the money tomorrow, and you shall know the result of the exam then.(许诺)
对比语气轻的道德理由式的教育、劝告、责备:"应当" 用should.(注"must往往是公众纪律要求,比Should强,比sgall弱:You mustn't be late.)
5.You should telephone me before you come. (责备)
6.He should pay attention to his spoken English.(教育)
7.I should study harder than before 。道德教育
8.You should have handed in your homework yesterday.(责备某人没有做应该做的事.)
9.You should not have said such rude words to your mother.(责备某人做了不该做某事)
You should not have been late
练习: 你要听母亲的话. 你最迟明天要搬走.你不要哭. 你不要摸电线.
你要努力学习. 你要活着回来.
二.主语愿意或不愿意做某事,事物发展下去必然发生或必然不会发生某事,用will,won't ,
1.I will marry you. I will do everything for you. I will die for you .(愿意)
2.He will lose his life for his country.(愿意)
3.I won't go with you . You won't receive my letter .(不愿意或必然不都可)
4.Will you allow us to go to Tibet ?(愿意)
5. When the baby see his mother, he will smile.(必然趋势)
6.The vegatable won't grow without water.(必然趋势)
7.Will he see the picture when he return home ?(必然趋势)
现在时的客气婉转的请求询问对方意愿,语气轻的"愿意"和"趋势"用would. 过去时就必须用would
1.Would you like to have a talk with me ?
2.He would make a face ,when he made a mistake .
3.He wouldn't trouble you .
辨别will与would的区别
你愿意卖你的房子吗? 你愿意把座位让给老奶奶吗?
你愿意选谁当总统? 他会说些什么呢?地震会发生吗?
辨别will,would与shall,should的区别:自然而然发展变化用will,would,被"我"强制命令用shall,能翻译为"愿意""就会'"总是'"决不'用will, won't,能翻译为"我命令你/他","你不许","你务必"用shall,(1-6)
1.Once there was a man who was afraid to stay with his wife very much ,for his wife was stroger than he . when they quarreled, his wife (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't )fight with him .If they fought (,A. The B.A C.X)husband (A.would B.should C. will D wouldn't ) be beteaned to pains .He (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )bare the pains. so he hid himself under (A x B. a C.the) bed.When he hid under the bed ,the wife got even more angry ."You (A.shall B.shall not C. will D shouldn't ) make your clothes dirty !you (A.would B.should C. will D shall ) get out !The husband remembered his honour of (A.a B,the C.x) man . He answered :"I'm (A.a B,the C.x) man .I (A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C. won't D couldn't )get out."

Which sentence is better "I will....." or "You shall..."
How to deal with your husband or wife? (A.Many couples B.A couple) often argue with each other,even hate or fight with each other. Many wifes want to order her husband to do (A .everythingB.something)at home.She (A.would B.should C.must)say "You (A.shallB.will)buy me a ring""You(A.shallB.will)wash all the clothes"(A.The B.A)husband doesn't want to argue with the wife. He (A.shallB.will)say"I (A.shallB.will) do (A.everythingB.something) for you""I (A.shallB.will) die for you.So the couple (A.won't B.shall not C.mustn't D.can't)fight .There (A.shallB.will) be (A.a B.x)peace at home .Which sentence do you think is better :"I will....." or "You shall..."?
疑问句是请求对方发命令,一,三人称用shall提问,二人称用will提问:"Shall I clean the blackboard?" "Shall he get here now?"
"Will you give us a hand?"
据说有一个苏格兰人掉到水里,他不会游泳。于是想感叹说:“没有人会来救我,我要死了!”这句话是陈述语气,不应该用情态动词的,但他却用情态动词说:“Nobody shall save me,(我命令不准任何人来救我!)I will die ![我要(原意)死]”人们以为他决心要自杀,都不敢来救他。因为用错了shall,will,结果丢了一条命。
三.表示商量猜测不十分确定的事情.
肯定句用must; might; may 疑问句用can; could 否定句can‘t ;couldn’t; may not
1、肯定句是有根据,有经验的判断用must
The tall man must be a player 。
He must work in this school 。
不肯定,无把握的猜测用may ,往往在有"..not sure"的句子时才用may
Your answer may be right 。but I‘m not sure 。
客气礼貌婉转用might
You might need some money 。
I think you might be hungry 。
2。疑问句只能用can,could不能用must,may,might
Can he be a teacher?
猜测远处的人,看不见的人用 Who can it be ?
“Someone is knocking at the door ,who can it be ?”
“Open the door please !”“Who is it ?”“It is me 。”
3.有把握有根据的否定猜测用can't couldn't "不可能",无把握无根据用may not ,might not"可能不" 不能用mustn't.mustn't 不是猜测,是"不允许...""禁止"
He can't be at the libery,for I saw him just now .
He might not know the headmaster.
4.对过去的猜测,对短暂动作的猜测必须用must/can/can't/may +have done 句型
He must have got up late this morning.
He must have become someone's wife
"Can he have known it ?""No he can't have known it ."
He can't have finished his drawing yesterday .(7-15)
四.dare, need作为情态动词与行为动词的区别:(16-23)
1.肯定句只能用行为动词,不用情态动词.
He dares to dance with a snake , doesn't he?
He needs to go with you . doesn't he?
疑,否句两样形式都可用,但行为动词后往往有有do 又有 to,情态动词的句子中无do 又无to.
Need you have a rest ?
Do you need to have a rest ?
He needn't copy the question, need he ?
He doesn't need to come ,does he ?
He dare not tell the truth.
He doesn't dare (to ) tell the truth.
反意疑问
He needs a rest ,(A.doesn't B.needn't )he ?
五.can ,be able to 表示能力的区别
can 长期固有的自然能力 I can drive a car .
be able to 经过努力克服困难后才获得的能力.
After three months' study,I am able to drive a car now .
I have been able to drive a car now .
六.must必须 should 表示"应当"
1.must的否定回答用needn't .mustn't 表示"不许""禁止"不是必要性了.
" Must I take some medicine ?" "No ,you needn't"
"Need I buy some wine for Dad?" "No, you mustn't."
七.can,could,may,might表示许可
1.could可用于现在时的疑问句表示客气礼貌," of course you can" 表示乐意对方用自己的东西.
Could/Would you do me a favour?
of course I can.
八.need必要性
1.你不要等我. You neen't wait for me .
2.你不要抽烟 You shall not smoke here .


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608167] 2004-07-24 16:09 楼上下一楼
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情态动词练习
1.When The Eighth Rought Army Soldiers left the City .They declared "We (A.will B. shall C.would D.should) drive the enemy out . The city (A.won't B. shall not C.would not D.should not) be taken by enemy.
2. He (A.will B. shall C.would D.should)sell his house if he has no money.
3.He (A.will B. shall C.would D.should) sell his house to pay back my debt.
4.I love him and I (A.will B. shall C.would D.should) marry him .
5.Even though you don't love him ,you (A.will B. shall C.would D.should)marry him.It's my decision.
6.You caught(A. a B. xC. the) bad could . You (A.should B.would C.shall D.will) have worn more clothes.
7.I didn't hear the phone .I (A. must be B.must have been C. should D.should have been )asleep .
8.His English is very good ,He (A.must B. may C.should D.can ) be an English teacher .
9.It (A.must B. may C.should D.can )rain this afternoon,but I'm not sure.
10.It (A.must B. may C.should D.can ) rain in a few moments ,the cloud is so dark .
11.Peter (A.must B. may C. can D.will ) come with us tonight ,but he isn't very sure yet .
12.I think you (A.must B. might C.should D.can ) be thirst .(A.Shall B. Will C.should D.would ) I take some water for you ?(A.Shall B. Must C.Can D.would )you like some water ?
13.(A.Must B. May C.Should D.Can ) he be an English teacher?
No, he (A.mustn't B. may not C.should not D.cann't )
14.You look tired .You (A.must sleepB. must have slept )late yesterday.
15.Peter (A.must arrive B. must have arrived )home by now .
16. She (A.dare B.dares C.dares to ) climb a tall tree .
17. She (A.dare not B.dares not C.dares not to )speak in public .
18.She (A.doesn't need to B.doesn't need C.dares not to ) go to school today.
19.Dare you (A.to B.x)say so?
20.Do you (A. need B. need to )write too much easy words ?
21.He dares to fight with a tiger ,( A.doesn't B.dare not ) he ?
22.You needn't wait for her ,(A. need B.do )you ?
23.You need a rest ,(A.needn't B.don't ) you ?
24."Must I clean the blackboard now?"' No,you (A.mustn't B. needn't C.can't ).I need them in a few moment.
25.A computer (A.can't B.couldn't C.may not D.might not )think of itself .it (A.shall B.should C.must D.can ) be told what to do .
26.Could I borrow your dictictionary?
Yes,of course you (A.might B. will C. can D.will )
27.When can I come for the photoes , I need them tomrrow afternoon.
They (A.can B. should C.might D. need )be ready by 12
28.(A.Shall B.Will ) I tell John about it ?
No ,you (A.needn't B.wouldn't C. mustn't D.shouldn't) I've told him already .
29. I (A.can B. am able to )speak Chinese .
30.I have learned some English for three weeks . I (A.can B. am able to )speak some English now .
31.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone (A.had to B. would C.could D.was able to .)get out .12.It's nearly seven o'clock .Jack (A.must B. need C. should D.can ) be here at any moment .
32.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well ..
It (A.can't B. shouldn't C. mustn't have been D.shouldn't have been )a comfortable journey .
33.Johnny, you __play with the knife ,you __hurt yourself.
A.won't;can't B. mustn't; may C.shouldn't;must D.can't;shouldn't
34.You (A.should tell B.would have told C.should have told )me yesterday.
35.You (A.should not be B.should have not been C.should not have been )late yesterday.


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608177] 2004-07-24 16:16 楼上下一楼
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非谓语动词解释
非谓语动词特出的特点:
一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“I running in the morning every day.""he named Liping." 就是只有非谓语,没有谓语动词的错误的句子。应该说“I run in the morning every day."
"he is named Liping."
二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析,我们就应该领悟到这一点:与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的:(1)此动作有时已不是具体的动作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相当于一个名词了;如My job is raising pigs 。 My favorite is to study English with you 。(2)此动作有时即使是具体的动作,但却是从属性的,次要的动作:比如表示原因,条件,时间,目的,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and 连接的两个并列谓语动词的情况外,其它在一个句子中包含的两个以上的动作一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因,条件,目的,时间,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句来表示。下面列举一些例句对比说明:
1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词;To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.
2."喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinking milk"动名词来表示。Drinking milk is good to him 。He love drinking milk 。
3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是“肚子痛”的原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用" Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach."来表示。
也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk,I have some trouble with my stomach."
4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy"如“If one drinks milk every day,he will get more healthy。”来表示。
5,“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“Drinking milk, I choked."“或”When I was drinking milk,I choked。“来表示。
6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应做谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“He sat there, drinking some milk."如”He sat and drank some milk there。来表示。
用非谓语动词翻译下列句子:
1. 我钱不够,不能买这房子。
A.My money is short , I can't buy the house.
B. I'm short of money , I can't buy the house.
C. Being short of money , I can't buy the house.
D.Short of money , I can't buy the house.
2,我比你强,我会跑得比你快。
A.I'm stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
B.I being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
C.being stronger than you,I can run faster than you.
D.You being weaker than I, so I can run faster than you.
3,你见到他就叫他到这来吧。
a. If you see him ,ask him to come here please.
b.If you see him and ask him to come here please.
c.you seeing him ,ask him to come here please.
d.seeing him , you ask him to come here please
4,有空你来帮帮我吧。
a.You have time and you come to help me.
b.You have time you come to help me.
c.If you have time and you come to help me please.
d. having time , you should come to help me.
5,你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。
a.You don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
b.Because you don't feel well, you'd better not go to swim.
c.You not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
d.Not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.
6,吃太多的肉,你会变胖的。
a.If you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
b. you have too much meat, and you'll get fatter.
c.You have too much meat, you'll get fatter.
d. Having too much meat, you'll get fatter.
7,昨天他去踢球,摔断腿了。
a.Yesterday he went to play football, breaking his leg.
b.Yesterday he went to play football, broke his leg.
c.Yesterday he going to play football,he broke his leg.
d.Playing football, he broke his leg yesterday.
8,看见我穿得破烂,那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。
a.Seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
b.He saw me dressed in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
c.Because he seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
d.I dressing in rags , the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.
9,浇太多的水花会死的。
a.If water too much, the flower will die.
b. If you watered too much, the flower will die.
c.Watering too much, the flower will die.
d.Watered too much, the flower will die.
10,我昨天挨雨淋了,感冒了。
a.I was caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
b.Having caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
c.I caught in the rain,I get a bad cold now.
d.Caught in the rain,I got a bad cold now.
11.他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。
a.They talked ,laughed and went to us.
b.Going to us, they talked and laughed.
c.They went to us ,talked and laughed.
d.They went to us ,talking and laughing.
12.他躺在那里看书。
a. He read a book, lying there.
b.He lay there ,reading a book.
c.He lying there and reading a book.
d.He lay there ,read a book.
13.在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。
a,The girl dancing there sings well.
b.The girl danced there sings well.
c.The girl was dancing there sings well.
d.The girl was dancing there was a good singer.
14.我进门时看见他正在看电视。
a.I entered the room, saw he was watching TV.
b.I entered the room, seeing him was watching TV.
c.Entered the room, I saw he was watching TV.
d.Entering the room, I saw him watching TV.
15.他一来就逗我们发笑。
a.He came ,making us laughed.
b.He came to make us laughing.
c.Coming, he often makes us laughing.
d. Came here,he often makes laughing.
16.今天他病了,没来学校.
a.He is ill,he doesn't come to school today.
b.He is ill,not coming to school today.
c.Being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
d.He being ill,he doesn't come to school today.
----ing 短语常见的形式

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三.非谓语的三种形式及其充当的句子成分:
--ing 形式可以当句子的状语,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语
不定式可以当目的状语和逆趋势的结果状语 ,主语,宾语,补语,表语,定语,
过去分词可以充当句子的状语,定语,补语
1.--ing短语可以当
1)时间状语:When I went to school ,I saw a bag on the ground.
Going to school, I saw a bag on the ground.
2)原因状语:Because he was ill,he couldn't go to school that day.
Being ill,he coulding go to school thatday.
3)条件状语:(If I have money,I will buy the house.)
Having money,I will buy the house.
4)伴随状语:(He stood and thought in the room .)
He stood in the room, thinking.
5)顺趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and became a college student .)
He studied hard , being a college student .
He listened carefully, hearing someone's crying.
5)doing having done
Having washed her face, she had breakfast.
Washing clothes, she sang.
6)not doing ,not having done否定式常用于原因,条件状语
Not knowing much English,he took out an dictionary to help him.
Not having had breakfast , I'm very hungry now.
7)being done,not being done ,not having done被动式常用作主语,宾语:
The boy's being saved made his mother deeply moved.
He was sad at his not being chosen
练习思考辨别:
1)..当我上学的时候, I fell down .
2)..因为他很高, he is good at playing basket-ball.
3)..如果我知道这消息, I would tell you first .
4)..他坐在那里看书.
5)..He returned home ,发现母亲的信。
6)..He returned home ,发现父亲死了.
7).He returned home 去取大衣.
3.doing 与having done众不同的区别:两者都是主动,doing是与谓语动词同时发生,having done是发生在谓语动词前,非谓语动作是谓语动作的前提和基础.比如 :
吃过早餐后, 他上学去了.Having had breakfast ,he went to school.
因为学过英语,他能与美国人谈话.
Having learned some English,he can talk with an American.
如果先复习功课,你会觉得功课更容易.
Having gone over the lesson , you will find it easier .
2.不定式可以当:
1)逆趋势的结果状语: (He studied hard and failed in the exam.)
He studied hard , only to fail in the exam.
.........,only to find his father dead.
2)目的状语: He studied hard in order to became a college student .
4.动名词与不定式当宾语的区别:动名词一般表示普遍的,经常发生的动作,同时发生或发生在前的动作,不定式表示具体一次的动作,发生在后的动作. I like singing ,but I don't like to sing this night .
I see his running every day .I hope to be a college student some day .
只能带--ing短语当宾语的及物动词:mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱)The thief escaped being caught., finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象)Can you imagine my flying in the sky ?, keep(保持), miss(错过)The bird missed being shot., practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认, consider I'm considering practising speaking english more.(考虑)等。look forward to(渴望,盼望), object to(反对,抗议), prevent…from(防止,阻止), keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止),
有几个动词既能带ing,也能带不定式当宾语,但此动词意思不相同的动词:remember,forget,regrect,try, mean
I remember seeing him before.回想往事
When you pass the post office ,remember to post the letter for me.记得将要做某事
He forgot to luck the door.A thief broke into it.因健忘而没有做某事
He forgot having breakfast, he asked his wife to cook for him again .已做了某事却忘记了.
I regrect not helping you .(后悔已做了某事)
I regrect to tell you"you fail in the exam."(遗憾地告诉你,遗憾地说)
I'll try (my best) to pass the exam.尽力
You always go to school by bike ,why not try going to school by bus? 尝试另一方法,试探比较
I meaned to help you. 打算,希望,想要
Saying so means saying nothing. 意思是,等于
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有:want(想要), wish(希望), hate(憎恨,讨厌), prefer(宁愿), hope(希望), fail(失败), plan(计划), refuse(拒绝), ask(要求),manage(设法), offer(提供), promise(答应), pretend(假装), intend(想,打算), attempt(尝试,企图), decide(决定), desire(渴望,请求), agree(同意), care(关心,喜欢), choose(选择), determine(下决心), expect(期望), afford(负担得起,买得起)等。
能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有:感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等;使役动词make, let, have 等;
ask sb to do sth.还有一般的动词如advise(建议), allow(允许), ask, beg(乞求), command(命令,指挥), tell(告诉), invite(邀请), force(强迫), oblige(强迫), get(致使), help(帮助), wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage(鼓励), persuade(说服), permit(允许,许可), remind(使想起,提醒), request(请求,要求), order(命令), warn(警告,提醒), cause(引起)
6.过去分词done 最大的特点是表示被动,表示经常发生的被动,过去的被动,常用作原因,.条件状语,定语,补语:
Heated, water will change into stream.
Praised by the teacher many times,I feel happy.
The clothes washed by my mother are clean.
I often have my clothes washed by my mother.

状语
时间状语 Having bath,I sang aloud .(同时)
Having had bath,I had supper.(一先一后)
Having been shown the lab,we were shown the libery
原因状语 Loving others,he is loved
Having prepareed the lesson,I can answer the question.
Not knowing his name,I said "Hi".
Not having breakfast,I'm hungry now.
Told many times,he still remembers it .
伴随状语 He sat there,reading.
条件状语 Heated,water will change into stream
Having money,I'll buy it.
目的状语 I go home to see my mother.
结果状语 He studied hard, becoming a college student.
He studied hard, only to fail.
主语 His studing hard made him respected.
His not coming made his mother sad.
宾语 We hope your coming
I hate Tom's not telling me the truth.
定语 The boy sitting in the front is our monitor.
The boy praised is our monitor.
补语 He had us laughing the whole class.
He had his son sent to prison..
He had us run in the morning every day.







[更新: 2004-07-24 17:42]


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608245] 2004-07-24 17:00 楼上下一楼
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非谓语练习
把划线部分变成非谓语动词,其它是选择题.
1.When I went to school (当我上学的时候), I fell down .
2.Because he is tall(因为他很高), ---- he is good at playing basket-ball.
3.If I know any news如果我知道消息, -----, I would tell you first .
4.他坐在那里看书. He sat there,------
5.As he was a student(作为一个学生), he was interested in books.
5.He returned home and found his mother's letter(发现母亲的信)。
6.He returned home and found his father dead.(发现父亲死了).,
7.He returned home and got his coat(取大衣) -----his coat . .
8.The boy (坐) in the front is our monitor.
9.The boy sold (被卖) to Guangdong was found.
The boy named/called Tom is tall
Baten, the boy cried.
Heated ,water will change into stream.
10.Because he didn't know English, Not knowing English, he kept silent.
11.Because I hadn't received his letter, Not having received I worried about him.
12.That he won made everybody happy.
----- made everybody happy.
13.The techer was angry that John was late.
The techer hated ------.
14.That she didn't listen to her mother
made her mother angry.
---- to her mother made her mother angry.
15.The classroom by us is large.
16———— (如果被加热) , it will be boiling
17.(A. Listening B.When I listening )to the teacher ,I thought of my hometown .
18.(A. Living B.Having lived C.Because living ) in the south ,he loves swimming.
19.______anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
20. The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D. was preparing
21. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, _____ him to attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. to invite D. invited
22. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.
A. included B. are including C. are included D. including
23. ___ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.
A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning
24_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing
25. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
26.The secretary worked late into the night, __ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
27. "Can''t you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
28. ---I must apologize for ______ahead of time. ---That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
29.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
30.I forgot (A. to close B. closing )the windows ,the rain will make my desk web .
31.The boy tried (A.to go B.going) out of the school ,but fail.


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608299] 2004-07-24 17:40 楼上下一楼
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非谓语练习
用非谓语动词翻译下列短语:
1、(当他在德国时)________________ ,he learned how to drive a car.
2.(长大后)_____________,she became a teacher.
3.(因为激动)____________,he couldn't said a word.
4.(因为没有钱)____________,he couldn't sent his son to school.
5.(由于没吃早餐)__________,he felt hungry now.
6.(如果被加热)______________,the iron will turn red.
7.(如果你没有读过这本书)__________,you can't know about the moon.
8. (如果你帮助别人)___________________,you will help yourselves.
9.(他们又说又笑地走进教室。They walked into the room,______,
10.He stood there ______________________ a football game(看足球赛)。
11.She saw a mouse,(向我们大声叫起来)_____________________.
12.She returned home (问爸爸要钱)____________________________.
13.She went to the reading-room (看杂志)_________________.
14.She stayed at home (看杂志)__________________.
15.He wrote an article (给我们提了一些好意见)_,___________________.
16.He wrote an article(来唤醒人民)_____________________________.
17.He worked late into the night (获得更多的收入)_________________.
18..He worked late into the night(不让洪水进屋)__________________.
19..He worked late into the night(写了一封信).___________________.
20.He was caught in the rain,(感冒了)___________________________.
21.He went to the street,(把所有的钱弄丢了)____________________.
22.(由于害羞)_______________,she dared not speak in the public.
23.(由于没准备),___________________,he didn't know how to explain.
24.We eat (为了活着)_____,but we don't live (为了吃饭)——。We live(同时思考和工作)_________________________.
1.I have nothing (to eat,eatng).
2.The man (to eat,eating) cakes is very hungry.
3.He is the first man (to eat,eating) food on the moon.
4.She is always the last person (to leave,leaving)the classroom.
5.Please give me somethng (to read,reading).
6.I need a chair (to sit,sitting,to sit on,sitting on).
7.The nurse has several patients (to look after,looking after)


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608310] 2004-07-24 17:50 楼上下一楼
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副词解释
一.同级比较特殊的句子:
1.He is as tall as I .The boy is as tall as I.=He is as tall a boy as I
2.The house is as beautiful as a garden=It is as beautiful a house as a garden .
3.The teacher is as kind as a mother=He is as kind a teacher as a mother.
4.The boy is as careful as a nurse=He
5.The computer is as small as a notebook.=It is as small a computer as a notebook
6.four times as many as
The elephent is twice as heavy as a lion.
The elephent is twice more heavy than a lion
The elephent is twice the weight of a lion.
China, four times large, Europe,=
China is four times as large as Europe
China is four times the size of Europe
China is four times as large as Europe.
China is four times larger than Europe.
China is four times the size of Europe.
Grandpa, ten times old ,he=
Grandpa is ten rimes as old as he .
Grandpa is ten rimes older than he .
Grandpa is ten rimes the age of he .
the apple ,twice expensive, pear
the apple is twice as expensive as the pear
the English book,three times thick ,the Chinese book =
世界第二大国家China is the second largest country in the world.
I'm the fifth tallest girl in our class.

二.too表示超过头的否定意义可以加for sb/sth to do sth., so表示肯定意义,与that连用表示感叹:"如此...以至于...."
1.He 's _too__weak ..
2.He's _so/quite_strong that he can fight with a wolf.
3.The question is too__difficult for me .
4.The question is _too_easy for us .
5.The question is _so _easy that anyone can answer it .
6.It's _too_late. I can't help you .
三.always,usually,often,的位置:行为动词前,Be动词或第一个助动词后.
1.I (am often,often am )late.
2.I(go often,often go)there.
3.He (is always ,always is) hardworking
4.He (works always, always works) hard .
5.He has always been earliest to the classroom
四.有两种副词形式,意思不同的词:一般无--ly 是修饰具体的动作,反之,修饰抽象动作
highly 高度地(评价,赞赏)think highly of
high 高(跳,飞)He can jump very high.
closely 密切地(观察\注视)watch closely
close 近 He walked close to me .
closed 关闭 The door is closed/open
widely 广泛地(传播.旅行)spread ,travell
wide 宽.大She opened her eyes wide.
deep深(挖,走,看)dig deep.walk deep
deeply深深地(感动)was moved deeply
late 迟
lately近来
nearly 几乎
near 近(`副.介词)亲密(形容词)a near relative .
mostly 大多数地=mainly,chiefly
There were mostly girls in the library.
The students are mostly from country.
most 定语形容词,代词 ,不能当副词
Most of the people in the library are girls.=The people in the library are mostly girls.
Most of the students are from country.
五.fairly,quite,rather, "相当"三词的区别
fairly是60%肯定意义的"刚符合要求""勉强还算"的"相当"In winter It's fairly warm in the cave for an animal to sleep for a long time.
Einstain played violent fairly well.
quite是90%肯定意义的"相当",近似very
quite right. quite good quite well
rather是近似too的否定意义"相当"
It's rather/too hot in summer,we can't sleep well.
She sings rather terribly.
六.no longer, not ....any longer与
no more, not any more "不再"的区别
1.当宾语只能用no more I'm full,I can't eat no more (fish).
2.表示次数,可反复多次,用no more,not any more.
He decided not to smoke any more.
3.表示以后"再不做某事",与以后相比.
I won't believe you any more.
4.表示在此之前"早已不再...",no longer,not any longer.
He does live here no longer.
China is no longer what it used to be .
I'm no longer a child.
七.特殊的最高级:
1.用Sb have never/not. done a more sth.句型表示"在此之前从没遇到更好的"即现遇到的是最好的.
How beautiful she sings!I have never heard a better voice .
I have never seen a more beautiful girl !
我从没见过有比你更漂亮的女孩!
我从没看过有比这更有趣的电影.
I've never seen a more interesting film
他从来没有吃过有比米饭更好的食物.
她从没穿过有比这更好 的衣服.
She has never worn a more beautiful dress/suit
2.两者中的最高级用the more不用the most
She is the taller of the two girls.
七.象interesting,interested类情绪词---ing 修饰物"令人.....的",an exciting story ---ed修饰人及人的声音,面相.an excited man
I'm frightened at the tiger. a frightened voice /look
I'm pleased at the pleasant/pleasing composition.
The film is interesting,I'm interested in the interesting story.
She was frightened,"It's frightening."she said in a frightened voice with a frightened look.
八.already"刚开始的'已经',still"接近结束"仍然,yet"not yet,三者的区别:
1.I am _already___a league Member,I am _already___a young person.I'm not _yet__a Young Pioneer.
九.no more than 否定意义,两者都同样不,
not more than 肯定意义:两者都..,但前者不如后者
She is weak.Her husband is no more strong than she.
She is strong .Her husband is not more strong than she .
I'm poor, my father is _no__more (poor, rich) than I.
India is _not__larger (large,small )than China.
如此两短语后面接数词,前者表示否定,即数量不多,"只有..."后者表示肯定数量多,"最多有...""不超过....."
I have _no__more than 5 yung .I can't lend you any .
There are not_ more than 3,500 students in this school.
如此两短语后接从句,前者否定意义:后者象前者一样不: I am no more mad than you are.
I am not more mad than you are.
he can no more rive a bike than I can drive a plane. 他不会踩自行车就象我不会开飞机一样.
他不能辨别颜色就象我不能制造电脑一样.
He can no more tell a colour than I can"t make a computer.
鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也!(鲸鱼不是鱼就象马不是鱼一样.)
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is .
九.every day 每天(当时间状语)
everyday 日常的(当前置定语)
十.some time 一段时间 for some time
sometime 某个时候 one day
sometimes 有时候
十一.far 的比较级farther可以表示"更远"
也可以表示抽象动作的"更深入"
He walked farther into the cave.
另一个比较级further只能表示"更深入"
He studied the English grammar further/farther .
十二.much too 后跟形容词,副词,等于too
too much 等于much,后跟名词,或充当宾语.
You are much too excited.You drank too much (wine).
十三.连字号词组当前置定语
a 800-foot-high tower
a 5-year-old boy
a three-leged stool=a stool of three legs
a one -eyed man
十四.He sat quiet/still.
The sun rose red.
He fell ill.
The milk turned bad


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608311] 2004-07-24 17:51 楼上下一楼
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副词练习
1.It is (A.as a house large as B.as large a house as C. as larger a house as) a playground.
2.The books are (A. as twice many as B.as many as twice C.twice as many as) (A.you B.yours C.he's)
3.I'm afraid the box is (A.too B.soC.veryD.much)heavy for you.
4.The elephent is A.too B.soC.veryD.much)heavy that we can't weigh it .
5.11.(A. Such B.Much C.So D.Too) rude was his manner that everyone started at him.
7.He is (A.like B. likely)to come this morning.
8.They talked (A. friendly B.in a friendly way.)
9.We were moved (A. deep B. deeply) that the teacher often worked (A. deep B. deeply)into the night.
10The plane flew very (A. high B.highly)over the forest.and the scientists thought (A. high B.highly) of the fly.
11My father travelled (A.wide B.widely )in the world.He found a (A.wide B. widely) goldmine(金矿)。
12.It's (A.nearly B.near)seven o'clock ,we saw the ship came (A.nearly B. nearC. nearer and nearerD.more and more nearly ) to us
13. It's (A.quite B.very C.too D.much ) impossible for her to get the first bus.
14.She is (A.quite B. far C.yet D.exactly)too young to travel alone.
15.The weather is (A.too B.fairly C.rather ) warm and fit for swimming.
16.13.I can't reach it, it is (A. very B. well C.fairly D.rather )above my head.
17.We're (A.pleased B.pleasant C.pleasure )to listen of her (A.pleased B. pleasant C.pleasure )voice.It's a (A.pleased B.pleasant C.pleasure ).
18.The girl was (A.frightened B.frightening)at the (A.frightened B.frightening) dog.There was a (A.frightened B.frightening)look on her face.
19It was a (A.afraid B. frightened C.frightful D.feard) storm.
20.(A.Many boys B.Many of the boys)like football in our class. It is (A. hard B. hardly C.simply D.possibly) surprising to find that they each have newspapers about football in their desk.
21.He (A.already B.still C.yet D.ever)works for the same factory after 30 years.
22.The bottom of the sea is (A.no B. not )more smooth than the land of the earth .
23.Marx was (A. no B. not)more rich than Einstain.
24You must speak more (A.everyday B.everyday's C. every day )English.
25.You must speak English (A.everyday B.everyday's C. every day )
26.I'll stay in Beijing for (A. some time B.sometime C.sometimes )
27.He visites me (A. some time B.sometime C.sometimes )
28.I'll go to see you (A. some time B.sometime C.sometimes ) next month.
29.Their school library did not prepare______books for all stutents.
A.as many B.plenty C.enough D.enough of
30Who is the ___student in your class?
A.third tallest B.third tall C.three short D.third short
31.We don't care if a hunting dog smells______,but we really don't want him to smell______. A.well,well B.bad,bad C.well,badly D.badly,bad
32.He looks______but in fact he looks______at things.
A.carelessness;carefully B.carefully;carelessly
C.careful;careless D.careful;carelessly
33.The nine-year-old boy wrote an______article,which Ithink excellent.
A.two-thousand-words B.800-word C.1100-words D.eight-hundreds-word
34Will you be______to do this?
A.so kind as B.kindly enough C.good enough D.as kind as
35We won't talk about it with them until we get______information.
A.farther B.any more C.further D.more some
36 Can you imagine that ____ little ants can carry ____ many big worms?
A. so; so B. such; such C. such; so D. so; such
37 I don’t think this shirt fits her. It’s ____ small for her.
A. much too B. very much C. too much D. so much


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #608422] 2004-07-24 19:22 楼上下一楼
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……好厉害~!谢谢~~~!
回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #609616] 2004-07-25 19:43 楼上下一楼
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感谢谭老师!!


作为K12的英语学科调研员,愿意为K12做点力所能及的事!!希望大家更多地share我们的资源!!!

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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #609663] 2004-07-25 20:11 楼上下一楼
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谭老师辛苦!能不能总结一下介词? Surprised

[更新: 2004-07-25 20:23]


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教天才的老师教不出天才来。
我是一个学生,但如果让我选择,
我愿意成为一个能教出天才来的老师,
而不是教天才的老师,因为前者成就人,而后者被人成就。
然而成就人是教师的天职! 

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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #609805] 2004-07-25 21:45 楼上下一楼
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二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置:
2.1 at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”:
1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。
There is a desk in the corner.
2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站等你。
3. at home 在家
4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?
5. at the top of the page 在一页的上面
6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在路的尾端。
7. at the entrance 在进口处
8. at the crossroads 在十字路口
9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢?
10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲,巴黎只是一个“点”)
11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一座小屋子。
12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门牌55号。(地址要用at,不能用in)
13. at the side 在一边
14. at reception 在招待会上
15. I'm at work. 我在工作。
16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班上/家里/图书馆/公司/学校表示抽象的活动,
2.2 in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间:
1. I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)
2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London喔)
3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小市镇。(如果把city看做一个圆圈,small town就成一个点。因此就in a city, at a small town. 呵呵)
4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议。
5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里。
6. in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔)
7. in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi )
8. in a helicopter 乘直升机
9. in a boat 乘小船
10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子,当然要用 in 啦)
11. in the newspaper 在报上
12. in the sky 在空中
13. in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed)
14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校

2.3 on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面:
1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名字。
2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。
3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。
4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌子。
5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街
21号八楼。(7th floor 就是八楼;注意句中的 on, at, in 的用法)
on 在表面,紧密接触
on a bus/train/plane/ship/bike/motorbike/horse
in a taxi/car/helicopter/boat
by bus/air/bike/boat
6. on a bus 乘巴士 (不是 in a bus 喔)
7. on a train 乘火车 (可想像“骑”在火车上,哈哈)
8. on a plane 乘飞机 (可想像“骑”在飞机上)
9. on a ship 乘轮船
10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行车/摩托车
11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/象
12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视
13. on the left, on the right 在左边、在右边,但in the center/middle
walk/turn to the left/right
14. on the way 在路上
15. on the bed 在床上 (也可用 in the bed)
16. on the ceiling 在天花板上
17. on the floor 在地板上

2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意):

1. by the fire 在炉边
2. by the seaside 在海边
3. a path by the river 沿河道路
4. by the nearest road 走近路1.on 在表面,紧密接触
on a bus/train/ship/plane/bike/motorbike/horse
in a taxi/car/boat/helicopter只有不用上楼梯,甲板的taxi,car,boat,helicopter用in,其余高大的车船马都用on(与get on 有关)
2.by 1).by bus/boat/car/train/bike/---on my bike
2)by hand/ ----with my hands
3)by the day/week/month
3.for1.) buy/make/do/sth. for sb.较遥远的想象中的对象"为了"用for,
give/pass sth to sb.面对面传递用to
2)praise sb/do sth. for sth"因为"主观人为具体的原因The teacher praised him for his handwring The mother was angry
for her daughter's words
because of sth则较客观
I’m late because of the rain .
I hate him for his being late.
3)I buy the book at a price for 20 yuan.
fight/work for nothing
4.of 1)a boy of 5 ;a bike of this sort
the gate of the room a leg of the table
a house of grass
2)a box of candy a sort of bike
three of the students
3) It's very kind/cruel of you to help me.
It's impossible for you to help me.
It's good ___ you to eat mor fruit.
It's good ___ you to repair my house.
He's kind to you.
my father is cruel to___me.
5.off He fell off the bike. beat the dust off your coat.
The wire is off.
against 1)He set a table against the window.
fight against sth.\sb对着
2)He stood against the wall靠着
She put her head against my shoulder.
6.by与before
You should complete the building by The National Day.交待任务,命令要求口气强
They completed it before The National Day.客观陈述,无"不迟于....""到...为止"意思用before


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #609827] 2004-07-25 22:00 楼上下一楼
贵高谭老师  现在不在线 贵高谭老师
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介词练习
1."Stop!or I'll fire ____you !"he shouted __the enemey soldior running away.
2."Be careful!" he shouted ___ me.
3.He knows another foreign language ( A.except B.besidesCbeside)French!
4.I know all the teachers ( A.except B.besidesCbeside) you.
5.Your composition is very good(A.except B,except for)a few spell mistakes.
6.We offered him our congratulations (A.on B.inC.toD.for)his success.
7."How long has he lived here?" "(A.after B.inC.fromD.since) 1982.
8.Did you have trouble (A.to find B.in finding )the post office ?
9.If you keep on,you'll succeed (A.on B.inC.toD.at one) time.
10.We'll begin our meeting (A.on B.in C. by D.at) 8 , so you must be here (A.on B.inC.at D.by )7:40.
11.The doctor will be free (A.after B.in)10 minutes .
12.The author's name ___ the top of the page .
13.The author's name is ___ the cover of the book.
14.There are no prices on this menu.
15.There is no good news ___the newspaper.
16.There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
17.There was a hole___ the wall.
18.I live __ England , __ London .
19. I live __ a big city, my sister lives ___ a small town.
20.I'm ___work now .You'd better stand __the site.
21.We'll go __ the nearest road .
22.I will say _ you __English .I'll leave __aeroplane?
23.We sat __ the fire,We boil the water __ the fire
24.We live __ the seaside __ the coast.
用适当介词填下列短语:
1. ____ the bus stop .2.___ the door3. __ the 7th floor 4.___ the entrance
5. ___the foot _ the hill. 6.__ 55 Guigao Road__Guigang 7. __the sky
7.__ the ceiling __ the left/right 8.__the middle/center 9.__foot 10.___ a lift.
11.__ this evening 12. __the sky 13._ a taxi 14._ bus 15.__the train
16 __ ten degrees centigrade
13. a path __ the river a house_the river a boat_the river


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回复: 谭老师讲语法 [帖号 #610023] 2004-07-25 23:59 楼上楼上
清风拂面
发帖数: 5584
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清风再谢谭老师!
辛苦了!


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